Nuclear Fuel Production Fissile Nuclei Uranium and Plutonium 235 U 239 Pu.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Nuclear Power Plants. Nuclear Power Plant Turbine and Generator Spinning turbine blades and generator Boiling water Steam.

Advertisements

Fundamentals of Nuclear Power. Nuclear Fission We convert mass into energy by breaking large atoms (usually Uranium) into smaller atoms. Note the increases.

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT Possible Routes to Fissionable Materials Considered by U. S. in 1942 Natural Uranium (99.3% U-238, 0.7% U-235) Gaseous.

NUCLEAR FUSION & NUCLEAR FISSION Noadswood Science, 2012.

40 Nuclear Fission and Fusion Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion reactions release huge amounts of energy.

Nuclear Fuel Production Fissile Nuclei Uranium and Plutonium 235 U 239 Pu.

Transmutation (Objective 25

Splitting The Atom Nuclear Fission. Fission Large mass nuclei split into two or more smaller mass nuclei –Preferably mass numbers closer to 56 Neutrons.

Safe and Abundant Energy from Accelerator-Driven Nuclear Fission by Alex Kiss.

Nuclear Energy Targets: Explain how the nuclear fuel cycle relates to the true cost of nuclear energy and the disposal of nuclear waste. Describe the issues.

Alternative Energy Sources

Splitting The Atom Nuclear Fission. The Fission Process unstable nucleus mass closer to 56.

Nuclear energy Nuclear energy = energy that holds together protons and neutrons within the nucleus of an atom We harness this energy by converting it to.

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, Ph.D. Idaho State University Idaho National Laboratory ANS Teachers’ Workshop at WM 2014 March 2014, Phoenix.

Reading Qs 1.List the different reasons why these nuclear accidents occurred. 2.Select the one that interests you the most and explain why.

NUCLEAR ENERGY: FISSION CONVERSION OF MASS TO ENERGY = mc 2.

19.6 Nuclear energy Fission=splitting a heavy nucleus into 2 with smaller mass numbers. Causing an unstable nucleus. Fusion=combining 2 light nuclei to.

Nuclear Reactors. Question: A nuclear reactor is powered by nuclear fuel rods. After being used for a while, those nuclear fuel rods are 1.Heavier than.

AP Physics B Montwood High School R. Casao

Radiochemistry - The Integration of Physics and Chemistry - the Beginnings KlaprothUranium discovered PeligotUranium isolated RoentgenX.

 Splitting a large nucleus into two smaller nuclei  Usually begins by bombarding (shooting at) nucleus with a neutron  become unstable  Nucleus split.

EUREEKA Get a board, marker, wipey thing and partner.

Nuclear Energy.

CH-19: Nucleus and Nuclear Energy Atomic ParticleChargeMass Electron –1.6  C9.11  Kg Proton +1.6  C1.673  Kg Neutron

Nuclear Power. How does nuclear power work? Fission produces heat Heat boils water making steam Steam turns a turbine Turbine produces electricity.

Fundamentals of Nuclear Power. Nuclear Power Plants Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a metal mined in various parts of the world. Some.

Fission Physics 12 Adv. Comprehension Check 1. Two deuterium nuclei fuse to form a tritium nuclei and a proton. How much energy is liberated? 2. A deuterium.

Maysan Hasan 9 th grade girls April 29,2012 What is Nuclear Fuel? 1. Physics. fissile or fertile material that undergoes fission in a nuclear reactor.

Nuclear Power Plants. Nuclear Power Plant Turbine and Generator Spinning turbine blades and generator Boiling water Steam.

III. Nuclear Power. A. Reactions and Sources 1. Uses energy released by nuclear fission- the splitting of the nucleus of an atom 2. Nucleus is hit with.

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Mary Lou Dunzik-Gougar, PhD ANS Teachers’ Workshop 2014.

Fundamentals of Nuclear Power. The Nucleus Protons – × 10  27 kg Neutrons – × 10  27 kg.

Uranium or plutonium isotopes

IP Nuclear fission © Oxford University Press 2011 Nuclear fission.

Unit 1 Physics Detailed Study 3.3 Chapter 12.3: Nuclear Fissions Reactors.

Name ___________________________________________ Date ________________ Period __________ Part III: See you later; I’m goin’ fission Chemical Reactions.

Just Enough about Nuclear Power Jerry Peterson Professor of Physics.

Fundamentals of Nuclear Power

Nuclear Reactors, BAU, 1st Semester, (Saed Dababneh).

Chapter 11 Nuclear Power  Energy released in combustion reactions comes from changes in the chemical bonds that hold the atom together.  Nuclear Energy.

Radiation and the Environment Nuclear Changes. Fission vs. Fusion.

Radioactivity Nuclear Fission and Fusion. Definition: breaking an unstable nucleus into two smaller nuclei Basic formula Element+ Neutron → + 3 neutronsSmaller.

In your own words try to explain a radio active decay series

Nuclear forces and Radioactivity

Uranium Ore - must be “enriched” most abundant = 238 U fissionable = 235 U (“fuel”) Reminder: Isotopes different # of neutrons Naturally occurring radioactive.

Ch. 5 Chain reactions The power of repeated doubling Neutrons initiate fission, and fission creates more neutrons Runaway chain reaction is a bomb Critical.

Nuclear Fission And Nuclear Fusion

Nuclear Fuel Production Fissile Nuclei Uranium and Plutonium 235 U 239 Pu.

Chain Reactions The Fission Reactor Chain reactions One of the products of nuclear fission reactions are neutrons. But these are free to hit other nuclei.

1 Nuclear Chemistry 2 Radioactivity One of the pieces of evidence for the fact that atoms are made of smaller particles came from the work of ________.

John Preston Structure of the Atom p np n Nucleus.

Controlling Nuclear Fission. Thermal neutrons Uranium 235 is the main fissile material which we are concerned with. Uranium-233 and plutonium-239 can.

URANIUM STEVEN TAPPEN. GENERAL INFORMATION Atomic structure Element symbol: U 92 electrons; 6 are valence 146 neutrons 92 protons Melting point: 1,132⁰.

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear Fission We convert mass into energy by breaking large atoms (usually Uranium) into smaller atoms. Note the increases in binding.

Fission, the splitting of nuclei, and fusion, the combining of nuclei, release tremendous amounts of energy. Section 3: Nuclear Reactions K What I Know.

A Nuclear Primer When energy leaves an atom, it’s usually called radiation; that scares civilians. Caused by electrons: light, x-rays, low energy electrons.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21B

NUCLEAR FISSION gamma rays High speed ‘fission’ Nuclear fission

Relative Stability of Different Nuclei

Chapter 4: Atomic Energy

Nuclear Fuel Production Fissile Nuclei Uranium and Plutonium

1) Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?

Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Energy Fission vs Fusion.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21B

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21B

Nuclear Chemistry.

Nuclear Fuel Production Fissile Nuclei Uranium and Plutonium

Fundamentals of Nuclear Power

Topic: Fission and Fusion

Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Fuel Production Fissile Nuclei Uranium and Plutonium 235 U 239 Pu

Uranium Two isotopes 99.3% 238 U not useful for energy production 0.7% 235 U useful for energy production For a nuclear reactor: Need 4% 235 U For a fission bomb: Need 90% 235 U

Reacting the Fuel: Fission Reactions

Chain Reactions

Controlling the Reactions: Control Rods

Producing Uranium Fuel U ore contains small amounts of UO2 and UO3. Step 1. Oxidize UO 2 to UO 3 Step 2. Solubilize U by reacting with H 2 SO 4 UO 3 (s) + 2 H + (aq)  UO 2 2+ (solid salt) + H 2 O(l) UO 2 2+ (solid salt) + 3 SO 4 2- (aq)  UO 2 (SO 4 ) 3 4- (aq) Key: Uranium is solubilized and is leached out of the rock.

Step 3. More Reactions, eventually to yield UO 3. 2R 3 N + H 2 SO 4  (R 3 NH) 2 SO 4 2 (R 3 NH) 2 SO 4 + UO 2 (SO 4 ) 3 4-  (R 3 NH) 4 UO 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (aq) + 2SO 4 2- (aq) (R 3 NH) 4 UO 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4  4R 3 N + (NH 4 ) 4 UO 2 (SO 4 ) 3 + 2H 2 SO 4 2NH 3 + 2UO 2 (SO 4 ) 3 4- (aq)  (NH 4 ) 2 U 2 O 7 (s) + 4SO 4 2- (aq) (NH 4 ) 2 U 2 O 7 (s)  U 3 O 8 (s) + H 2 O(l) + NH 3 (g) U 3 O 8 is then reacted to make pure UO 3. Key: UO 3 formed is pure.

Step 4. Formation of UF 6 UO 3 (s) + H 2 (g) ====> UO 2 (s) + H 2 O UO 2 (s) + 4HF(g) ====> UF 4 (s) + 2H 2 O(l) UF 4 (s) + F 2 (g) ====> UF 6 (l or g) Key: UF 6 has a boiling point near 50 o C.

Step 5. Fuel-Level Enrichment: 4%

Efficiencies: diffusion = 1.002/stage Final Fraction = 0.7 x (1.002) #cycles gas centrifuge: 1.2/stage Final Fraction = 0.7 x (1.2) #cycles

Fast neutron reactors (Also called fast breeder reactors) Plutonium Fuel: Made inside Uranium Nuclear Reactors

235 U

Artificial Transmutations

Creation of Transuranium Elements

Exploring for yourself. Kirk-Othmer Encylopedia of Chemical Technology Actinides and Transactinides

Most made by neutron addition:

Nuclear Explosions = Fast n addition 238 U  255 U  255 Np  255 Pu   … 255 Fm

Ultra Heavy Elements Beyond the Actinides

Radioactive Dating First-order Reaction

Specifics for Dating of Earth and Previously Living Things Units of Radioactivity: Curie, Ci = 3.7 x disintegrations/sec Becquerel, Bq = 1 disintegration/sec C-14 N years