The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design: Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction in Removable Partial Denture Ranier M. Adarve, DMD,MHPEd Graduate Prosthodontics University of Minnesota

OVERVIEW The Cognitive Influence on Interactive Multimedia Design: Towards the Development of a Computer-Based Instruction in Removable Partial Denture Computer-Based Instruction Cognitive Psychology of Learning Design Guidelines

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI An accessible, interactive and flexible way of giving multimedia presentations that utilize textual materials, visuals, sounds and motions.

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI Development of PC’s in 1981 Extensively used in Education Computer-Aided Learning (CAL) Computer-Aided Instruction (CAI)

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI How effective is CBI in achieving educational outcomes? ? Does CBI/Multimedia influence Learning? Is CBI just a form of delivery of Instruction?

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) CBI Does it affect nutrition? Does it influence Learning?Delivery of Instruction TRUCK Delivery of Groceries

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) Effective Computer-Based Instruction is based on Principles of Learning

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) BEHAVIORISM Behavioral objectives Observable constructs Mastery learning Drills and Tutorials COGNITIVISM Internal Processes Unobservable constructs Information-processing Tutorials and Tests CONSTRUCTIVISM 1990-Present Constructed Knowledge Interpretation of reality Collaborative learning Simulations and Hypermedia Principles of Learning

Cognitive Psychology of Learning Cognitivism Process of Knowing Active engagement Unobservable Constructs Perception and Attention Encoding of Information Memory Comprehension Active Learning Motivation Transfer of Learning Metacognition MULTIMEDIA DESIGN CBI

Needs Analysis School of Dentistry Fourth Year Clinical Third Year Clinical Second Year Pre-Clinical First Year Pre-Clinical DENTAL CURRICULUM Clinical Prosthodontics Pre-Clinical Prosthodontics SCOPE INTEGRATION PROBLEM X Classroom-Based Learning Patient-Based Learning CURRENT METHODOLOGY CBI Vertical Integration Horizontal Integration

Computer-Based Instruction (CBI) in Removable Partial Denture Supplement RPD Course 4 Modules WebCT CD-ROM and Website Macromedia Flash

Design Guidelines Use both Graphics and Text Graphics should be relevant rather than decorative 1 MULTIMEDIA PRINCIPLE Mentally making connections between pictorial and verbal representations

Design Guidelines Graphics and Text should be placed in close proximity Avoid scrolling screens Avoid directions and feedbacks accessed from links 2 CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE Integrating text and graphics results from a reduced need for search

Design Guidelines 3 MODALITY PRINCIPLE PRINTED WORDS PICTURES MULTIMEDIA EARS EYES SENSORY MEMORY PHONETIC PROCESSING VISUAL PROCESSING WORKING MEMORY Present Words as Audio Narration Overloading of Visual Channel narration

Design Guidelines 4 REDUNDANCY PRINCIPLE Overloading of Visual Channel PRINTED WORDS PICTURES MULTIMEDIA EARS EYES SENSORY MEMORY PHONETIC PROCESSING VISUAL PROCESSING WORKING MEMORY NARRATION Don’t Present Words and Audio Narration at the same time

Design Guidelines Avoid extraneous elements: Entertaining stories Background music and sound Detailed textual descriptions 5 COHERENCE PRINCIPLE Causes distraction, disruption, seduction, thus harming learning process

Design Guidelines Use conversational style rather than formal style Language :”you”, “I”, “we” 6 PERSONALIZATION PRINCIPLE Learner works harder to understand the material when they feel they are in conversation with a partner

Design Guidelines Apply Media Principles: Multimedia Contiguity Coherence 7 DESIGN OF PRACTICE OPPORTUNITIES Engage learners to selecting, integrating and retrieving processes

Design Guidelines On Screen Coach On Screen Character Talking-head video Virtual person 8 USE OF PEDAGOGICAL AGENT Encourage learners to do reflective learning and development of metacognitive skills

COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PRINICIPLES Multimedia Contiguity Modality Redundancy Coherence Personalization Practice opportunities Pedagogical Agent EFFECTIVE CBI RECAPITULATION

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