Soil Profiles and Soil Classification What processes result in the formation of soil horizons? What are the typical characteristics of O, E, A, B, C and.

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Presentation transcript:

Soil Profiles and Soil Classification What processes result in the formation of soil horizons? What are the typical characteristics of O, E, A, B, C and K horizons? What is CEC? % base saturation? How do these vary among different soil types? What is the role of clay minerals in nutrient retention? How are soils classified? What are the characteristics of each of the following soil orders: oxisol, alfisol, spodosol, mollisol, aridisol

Soil Horizons: O – Organic(>50%) plus minerals (<50%) A – Eluvial; resistate minerals plus organics B – Illuvial; clays, oxides, active weaterhing K – Cemented (carbonates, silica, gypsum) C – Partially weathered parent material

Soil pH: Organic decay – carbonic and organic acids Mineral buffering capacity – carbonates – fast silicates – medium to slow Leaching –removal of buffer systems – wet climate soils more likely to be acidic; arid soils to be alkaline Acid – 6.0 or less Neutral – 6.0 to 7.5 Alkaline (basic) – 7.5 or greater

Alfisols

Alfisol

Aridisols

Aridisol with subsurface ‘calcrete’ (Bk) horizon

Inceptisols

Inceptisol

Mollisols

Mollisol

Mollisols

Mollisol

Spodosols

Spodosol