Path to Dependence How does dependence develop? Why does it happen to some people and not others?

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Introduction to Psychology

Advertisements

B. F. Skinner Operant conditioning Prepared by: Shuhudha Rizwan.

The Tales of Operant Conditioning. Once Upon A Time, There Was Operant Conditioning… Operant Conditioning was a method of learning for all the people.

Warm up Does punishment really work with teens? If so, when is it most effective? Is there anything that might be more effective than punishment? What?

B.F. Skinner: The Behavioral Approach. Basic Premise  Behavior can be controlled by consequences- type of reinforcement following the behavior.

PSYCHOLOGY: LEARNING Learning can be defined as the process leading to relatively permanent behavioral change or potential behavioral change.

Positive And Negative Reinforcers For Your Child Psychology 121.

Motivation: External and Internal. Psychological Needs Not necessary for survival like biological needs. Make life worth living. People engage in all.

LEARNING Learning - process leading to relatively permanent behavioral change or potential behavioral change.

PURPOSE Enhance understanding & ways of escalating behavior sequences Understanding Best practice Considerations.

Unit 6 OPERANT CONDITIONING Sensitivity to Punishment & Rewards Punishment Score= Add all of your Yes responses for each ODD number You’ll have a range.

Behavioral Theories Of Learning

Thinking About Psychology: The Science of

Operant Conditioning. I. Operant Conditioning A type of learning that occurs when we receive rewards or punishments for our behavior A type of learning.

Operant Conditioning Big Question: Is the organism learning associations between events that it does not control (classical) OR is it learning associations.

10-1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Human Relations, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intrinsic Motivation. Ryan and Deci American Psychologist, 1/2000 Self-Determination Theory Facilitation of intrinsic motivation.

Employee Motivation Chapter 10.

WEEK 3: EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION BUSN 102 – Özge Can. What Motivates Employees to Peak Performance?  Motivation  The combination of forces that move individuals.

Glencoe Making Life Choices Section 3 Addiction Chapter 12 Drugs of Abuse 1 > HOME Content Vocabulary drug addiction endorphins dysphoria.

Reinforcement, Punishment, Avoidance Learning, and Escape Learning

Operant Conditioning Brooke Konefsky Morgan Monroe Megan Walsh Joshua Peace.

Behavioral Theories of Learning. Behavioral Learning Theory O Behavioral learning theory- focus on the ways in which pleasurable or unpleasant consequences.

Operant Conditioning Concepts

Organizational Behavior. 2 Chapter 6 Study Questions  What is motivation?  What do the content theories suggest about individual needs and motivation?

Learning. What is Learning? The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about.

Learning/Behaviorism Operant and Observational learning.

Operant Conditioning Intro to Operant conditioning vOf90http:// vOf90.

 Reinforcement increases a behavior; punishment does the opposite. A punisher is any consequence that decreases the frequency of a preceding behavior.

 Operant conditioning is simply learning from the consequences of your behavior the “other side” of the psychologist’s tool box, operant conditioning.

Chapter 3 Addictions: Theory and Treatment. Drug Addiction Behavioral pattern of drug use Overwhelming involvement Securing of its supply Tendency to.

OPERANT CONDITIONING. DEFINITION Learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in occurrence.

Unit 4: Learning “Operant Conditioning”. Behaviorism To a Behaviorist: Everything you know, everything you are is the result of human behavior. Psychology.

LEARNING: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS Operant Conditioning.

Chapter 1 Understanding Your Health Lesson 3 Taking Responsibility for Your Health >> Main Menu Next >> >> Chapter 1 Assessment Click for: Teacher’s notes.

Operant and Classical Conditioning.  Learning is involved in almost every phenomenon psychologists study and occurs in many different ways.  Every person.

 Behavioral Therapy (Behavioral Modification): therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors.

Behavioral Approaches to Personality What is behavior?

Employee Motivation Chapter 10. Employee Motivation Chapter 10.

LEARNING. Learning is defined as a relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience Associative Learning: learning that two events.

Exploring theories of learning - Behaviourism

General Psychology (PY110) Chapter 4 Learning. Learning Learning is a relatively permanent change or modification in behavior due to experience or training.

Read and respond for your class starter: Read the “Exploring Psychology” section on p How did the therapists use the comforts to get the woman to.

OPERANT CONDITIONING. B F SKINNER Operant Conditioning Conditioning that results in the individuals’ actions & the consequences they cause.

BF Skinner Behavior Modification. BF Skinner Born March 10, 1904 in Pennsylvania Attended Harvard University at age 24 First teaching job in

Operant Conditioning. Operant Conditioning – A form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences. What does this.

LEARNING. Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936) Classical Conditioning basic learning process discovered by Pavlov that involves repeatedly pairing a neutral.

Do-now What is one common behavior of students at Patterson that you think should change? How might the school go about changing it? Why would your idea.

Mental and Emotional Health Chapter 7. Kinds of Emotions Being confused about new feelings is normal. Dealing with confusing feelings is part of a good.

Welcome Back!!!. First, let’s review concepts from Unit 2.

CHAPTER 8 Learning. Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience Adaptability  Our capacity to learn new behaviors that allow.

CLASSICAL VS. OPERANT CONDITIONING  With classical conditioning you can teach a dog to salivate, but you cannot teach it to roll over. Why?  Classical.

CHS AP Psychology Unit 6: Learning (Behaviorism) Essential Task 6.3: Predict the effects of operant conditioning with specific attention to (primary, secondary,

Learning A relatively permanent change in behavior due to an interaction with the environment.

Operant Conditioning Overview

Short Clip Video:  Please write a response to this video. It will be collected. & Discussed in class. 

 Reasons for dating:  1. Dating is one way for teens to get to know each other.  2. Some teens decide to date because they want to develop friendships.

Section 2: Operant Conditioning.   Operant Conditioning- learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases.

Adhering to Medical Advice. Basic ideas Do not take left over medications Do not stop taking medicine whenever you begin to feel better Do not quit your.

What have you learned?.  Operant Conditioning  1 volunteer  The Real March Madness The Real March Madness  Punishing and Rewarding the Banana Punishing.

OPERANT CONDITIONING “Everything we do and are is determined by our history of rewards and punishments.” B.F. Skinner.

Learning Approach to Personality

Learning: Principles and Applications

Section 27: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy I

Learning and Behavior:

Bell Ringer Open your student workbook and turn to page 53.

Operant Conditioning.

Motivation: External and Internal

Learning Operant Conditioning.

Presentation transcript:

Path to Dependence How does dependence develop? Why does it happen to some people and not others?

Start with first experience First drug experience Rewarded by Positive Reinforcement Unrewarded or Punished Continue use Stop use

Role of learning From the very first encounter, see the effects of learning. Learning plays a critical role in psychological dependence. “craving for repeated or compulsive use of a drug because its effects are deemed pleasurable.”

Learning and behavior Learning can be used to modify behavior. Behaviorism was the first scientific paradigm for psychology. JB Watson, BF Skinner Principles widely applied at home, school and workplace. And on the road: seatbelt use

Safer to wear seatbelts. Well-known that seatbelts save lives. Usage varies greatly. 51% in Mass 91% in Calif 78% in CT Required in CA but only suggested in MA

External to internal control Forced or encouraged. Not wearing seatbelt might lead to punishment. Wearing reinforced by others and by vehicle. Put them on as a matter of habit. Internalized.

Punishment and reinforcement. “Click it or ticket” Threat of punishment. Random checks. Car comes with warning buzzers. Stop if you buckle up. Reinforces wearing.

Environment controls behavior Extrinsic motivation. External rewards and punishments. Praise increase likelihood I’ll participate. Criticism decrease the likelihood. Principles of operant conditioning at work.

Effects on behavior Reinforcement Leads to an increase in behavior. Punishment Leads to a decrease in behavior.

Types of reinforcement Positive reinforcement: behavior leads to reward. Negative reinforcement: behavior removes pain or anxiety Ex: take pill for headache

Types of punishment Goal of punishment is a decrease in unwanted behavior. Behavior leads to unpleasant outcome (Type I) or takes away something pleasant (Type II)

Add toTake away from Pleasant Unpleasant

Rewards and punishments Add toTake away from Pleasant Positive reinforcement Type II punishment Unpleasant Type I punishment Negative reinforcement

Problems with punishment Negative feelings towards person giving punishment. Physical or psychological pain. Escalate in severity. Situational: substitute teacher syndrome. Less likely to internalize.

Initial use punished What might be present in the individual or the environment to make the initial use unpleasant? Psychological characteristics. Medical concerns. Moral or religious beliefs. Family background. Other possibilities?

Reasons to remember Guest turns down the offer of a drink. Proper response from host? Push even further. Grill guest about reasons. Remember some of reasons for individual choice. 1/3 US adults don’t drink at all.

Reward leads to increase use. Frequent use Body and brain adaptation DependenceTolerance Increase use to maintain effect

Psychological and Physical Dependence PsychologicalPhysical Abstinence causes withdrawal and rebound Abstinence causes craving Sensitivity to triggers and

Physical withdrawal Withdrawal and rebound Escape pain of withdrawal by taking drug (negative reinforcement Avoid withdrawal by continuous use (avoidance learning) Anti-social and/or criminal behavior to protect supply.

Understanding compulsion Getting hooked. Beginning single hook (positive reinforcement). Escape withdrawal (negative reinforcement). Avoid withdrawal (avoidance). High-jacked brain thru learning.