Next Behaviorism A non mentalistic view of Psychology Composed by Lucie Johnson 10/10/99, reviewed 10/18/00.

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Presentation transcript:

Next Behaviorism A non mentalistic view of Psychology Composed by Lucie Johnson 10/10/99, reviewed 10/18/00

Next The main players: Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov ( )Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov John Broadus Watson ( )John Broadus Watson B.F. Skinner ( )B.F. Skinner

Next Who influenced Pavlov? The physiological work of William Beaumont ( )William Beaumont An expanded concept of reflex to explain higher functions of thinking, willing, judging -pioneered by Sechenov ( ) Sechenov The ideas of Descartes ( ) about reflexesDescartes

Next Pavlov’s work: Work on the digestive system. Nobel price in 1904 Notices “mental secretions” -anticipated responses of the animals becoming familiar to the setting. Studied these “mental secretions” -they become what we know as “conditioned reflex”.

Next Important concepts Pavlov brought us The whole notion of conditioned reflex Concepts of generalization, differentiation, excitation, inhibition, higher level conditioning Concept of experimental neurosis

Next Pavlov today? Visit the Pavlov Institute of Physiology in RussiaPavlov Institute of Physiology

Next Who influenced Watson? Reacts against Wundt and James -and their followers such as John Dewey Infuenced by Loeb (tropisms) and Henry Donaldson (white rat neurology) -studied the myelinization of white rat nervous system & consequent changes in the complexity of their behavior. Pavlov

Next Watson’s main contributions Official founder of behaviorism as an independent and valid approach to psychology Is a radical behaviorist Introduces the notion of conditioned emotional response (little Albert) Three emotions: fear, rage, love -all emotional life built on those Applies this to advertising

Next B. F. Skinner Who influenced him? Bertrand Russel’s (a British philosopher) discussion of J. B. Watson’s book on behaviorism. (Then, Watson himself) H.G. Wells article on G. Bernard Shaw and Pavlov (Then Pavlov himself)

Next What were Skinner’s main contributions? contributions Developed the Skinner box as a way to study operant behavior. Important concepts: operant conditioning, reinforcement, contingencies of reinforcement, reinforcement schedules, discrimination learning, programmed instruction. Developed the social implications of his theory.

Next A Skinner page by undergraduate students es/Psych97A/STUDENT%20PROJECTS/S kinner/hammondk/ es/Psych97A/STUDENT%20PROJECTS/S kinner/hammondk

Next Today’s Walden Two Los Horcones, a Skinnerian utopian community existing today.Los Horcones Twin Oaks, an intentional community with Skinnerian roots -more eclectic today, though it has maintained the Walden Two governance system and labor credit system.Twin Oaks

Next The End Start again