Beyond Mendelian Genetics
Mendel was lucky Monogenetic traits controlled by one pair of alleles Polygenetic traits Controlled by more than one pair of alleles e.g. skin color (7 sets of alleles)
Incomplete Dominance Three phenotypes WW=white flowers RR=red flowers RW=Pink flowers Kinda like mixing paint Example trait = flower color in 4 o’clock flowers
Codominance Three phenotypes BB=black WW=white BW=Roan (Both black and white hairs) Kinda like mixing different colored marbles Example trait = Coat color in some horses
Multiple Alleles More than 2 alleles for a trait Each person still has only two of those alleles FOUR phenotypes Example trait = Blood type (ABO system)
Multiple Alleles Example trait = Blood type (ABO system) The Alleles I A codes for “A” antigen I B codes for “B” antigen i codes for neither antigen (An antigen is a receptor molecule on surface of cell used to recognize self and non-self. Non-self antigens initiate the immune response) This allele codes for “nothing” and is therefore recessive
Multiple Alleles Example trait = Blood type (ABO system) Genotype Phenotype I A I A Type A blood I A i Type A blood I B I B Type B blood I B i Type B blood I A I B Type AB blood i i Type O blood