The 3 Basic Parts of all Cells 1.Plasma Membrane 2.Cytoplasm 3.Nucleus or Nuclear Area

Classes of Cells Two basic types of cells: 1.Prokaryotic cells 2.Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells Animal Cell Fig 4.6

Eukaryotic Cell Structure 1.Nucleus: 2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: 3. Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis

Eukaryotic Cell Structure 4. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: - 5. Golgi Apparatus: 6. Vesicles: Membrane-bound “balloons” that transport and store substances in cells

Eukaryotic Cell Structure 7. Lysosomes: 8. Cytoskeleton: 9. Mitochondria: –Harvest energy from organic molecules (e.g. sugars and fats) to produce ATP –Has own DNA & divides on own

Plant Cell – Fig. 4.6b

Plant cells also have: 1.Vacuole 2.Chloroplasts 3.Cell wall Protects, supports **Plant cells do not have lysosomes

Transporting across membranes Solvent – Solute – Selectively permeable – water can move freely through the membrane, but the membrane regulates the passage of solutes Diffusion – movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Osmosis – movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Given a membrane that is permeable to water and glucose: Which way will water move? Which way will glucose move?

Water acts to dilute!! Hypertonic – Hypotonic – Isotonic – equal solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane

Fig. 5.12: Diffusion

Isotonic Solutions Fig. 5.13

Fig. 5.14