Productivity? Ecosystem? –eg, dry biomass Mg/ha/yr Silviculture? –? /ha/yr ??? 1

Parts of a slide presentation of Bruce Larson’s Professor, Univ of British Columbia Chair, Dept of Forestry 2

The term 'non-timber forest product‘ encompasses all biological materials other than timber which are extracted from forests for human use. 3 To foresters production mostly relates to wood products only, However Non-timber Forest Products (NTFP) are also a component of production harvests NTFPs include: Edible and non-edible plants and animals and their products Medicinal products

Wood formation (total volume) is: (Photosynthesis-Respiration) - Allocation Wood  Products 4 “Production” implies something is produced

Harvest Index is: (harvestable volume) / (total volume) Management can increase ‘harvest index’ - Utilization …plywood vs 2x4 vs 4x4 - Technology...less curf when cutting, lamination - Allocation….fertilization decreases C to roots, thinning increases merchantable wood on remaining trees Wood  Products 5

Carbohydrate allocation in an even-aged stand of European beech 6

How to Measure Allocation? Direct –Aboveground & Belowground Hard to measure Manage via nutrients? Indirect –Stomatal Behaviour Measure photosyn/CO 2 Manage via water - affects stomates and absorption of CO 2 ? 7

How to Determine or Classify Site Productivity? Site Index (Continuous Variable) – Height at a given age PNW = 50 years SE = 25 year –Shape Anamorphic – ht keeps same proportion at diff ages Polymorphic – ht proportion diff among curves Understory vegetation (salal, sword fern, ?) Soil parameter? 8

Site Class (Categorical variable) Site I (best) [site 40m or 132ft] Site III (medium) [site 30m or 100ft] Site V (poor) [site 20m or 66ft] 9

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Species Matters 11

Basal Area Proportional to total LA accumulation over time Historic artifact of: site quality X stand structure (eg, species, even/uneven ages, tree sizes) 12 (m 2 /m 2 ) tree area at DBH/ground area or (ft 2 /ft 2 )

Basal Area 13

Amelioration One of silvicultural tools –Fertilize –Drain –Bed “Pseudoamelioration” –Genetic Improvement –Vegetation Management (eg, shrubs) 14

What About NTFP’s ? Pine mushrooms example –Conifer dependent –Very low production in riparian zones (usually considered “high”sites for trees) 15

Productivity = Product Production Rate Know your product (be flexible, may not be “traditional”) Use direct measure or highly correlated surrogate Need element of time Manage your soil as well as your trees!! 16