General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans (Hominoidea) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131.

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General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans (Hominoidea) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131

First, Some Important Terms

“Anthropoids” = all living and extinct monkeys, apes and humans

Anthropoids

“Hominoids” = all living and extinct apes and humans

Hominoids

“Hominids” = modern humans and their nearest predecessors

Hominids

Hominids (Hominidae) Hominids are modern humans and their nearest predecessors

Hominids Useful markers of the earliest hominids: reduced canine length... adaptations for bipedalism...

Hominids “... in the final analysis only the evidence of habitual bipedalism unmistakably marks a fossil species as hominid.” -- Campbell-Loy, p. 188

Hominids Hominidae (Hominids) Australopithecus... Paranthropus... (maybe) Homo... Genus Family

Hominids Over-all Comparisons Gibbon Orangutan Chimpanzee Gorilla Modern Human

gibbons orangutans bonobos chimps gorillas humans Campbell and Loy, Humankind Emerging, 8 th ed, p. 138f

General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans (Hominoidea) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 131

General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans 1. As a group the apes have been the subject of much mythology and many misconceptions

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 168

General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans 2. “Dental apes” probably originated in the early Oligocene

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 183

General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans Dental apes are “apes” with monkey-like bodies who did not hang or swing

General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans Dental apes are Oligocene Anthropoids

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 191 Next: Oligocene AnthropoidsOligocene Anthropoids