Buckling Phenomena
Stability of Structures P<
Elastic Hinge Analysis of Column (independent of ) (How to find k?)
Euler’s Formula for Pin-ended Columns (Eigen-value Problem)
Critical Stress in Pin-ended Columns Note: L/r is Slenderness Ratio
Consideration in Section Property Note: In the above formula, I is a minimum on the cross-section. Therefore, the buckling of columns has a selective direction. yy y zzz I is isotropic I y = I z I y < I z
Extension of Euler’s Formula
Euler’s Formula for Clamp-ended Columns
Effective Length of Various Columns L