“When taking multiple choice tests, it is sometimes the case that one answer seems correct at first, but upon further reflection another answer seems correct. As a general rule is it better to stick with your initial ‘first instinct’ -- or change your answer if another choice seems better? In other words, which answer is probably more likely to be correct?” Kruger, Wirtz, & Miller, 2005, p. 726

Right to WrongWrong to RightWrong to Wrong Adapted from Kruger et al., 2005, p. 727

Which would you regret most? Switching when I should have stuck Sticking when I should have switched Neither Adapted from Kruger et al., 2005, p. 728

Selective Memories SWITCHING: students reported the outcome of going against their first instinct as being worse than it actually was (as measured by their actual scores) STICKING: students reported the outcome of sticking with their first instinct as being better than it actually was

SWITCHING and being wrong Perceived as more negative When this happens, you remember it more Confirming your belief in the first instinct fallacy When you switch, you are: right no longer right still wrong