Capstone PDR Group: AquaLung Robin Elliott Greg Newcomb Wilfredo Oteromatos Mir Minhaz Ali

Presentation Overview Purpose and History of Bronchoscope System Overview Hardware Assembly OS and Image processing software Time Chart Estimated Prototype COST Projected Product Revenue Technical Challenges

Bronchoscope: An Overview Bronchoscopy is a procedure to examine the bronchial tree Bronchoscope – leading invasive tool for evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the lung Catheter – a thin, tube like instrument inserted into the lungs with a small light and camera on the tip which transmits images  Direct Examination, Diagnosis & Treatment  Allows for removal of obstructions and foreign bodies  Tissue may be biopsied (removed for microscopic observation)

Bronchoscope: An Overview Approximately 460,000 patients per year in U.S. Diagnosis of Lung Cancer, Unexplained collapse of the airways (atelectasis), tracheal narrowing (stenosis), Gastric content aspiration Treatment of Lung transplant complications and care, Cystic Fibrosis, AIDS, Airway inflamation, Injury due to noxious fumes

A Brief History of Bronchoscopy Gustav Killian ( ) German Laryngologist 1895 – Experimented with a similar device Chevalier Jackson ( ) Professor of Laryngology at the University of Pittsburgh Invented one of the two main types of bronchoscopes 1903 – Adapted the bronchoscope for use in surgical procedures Regarded as the ‘Father of Bronchoscopy’

Modern Bronchoscopy Camera and lens connected by fiber optics to either an eyepiece (left) or monitor (below) Catheter allows for: Power for light source and camera at tip Suction to collect biopsy samples Insertion of instrumentation (ie. nasotracheal tube) direct administration of drugs to specific regions of the lung Comes with some drawbacks…

Contamination, Recalls, Lawsuits  415 patients exposed to Pseudomonas bacteria  100 infected  2 fatalities Suspected Causes John Hopkins Outbreak  Faulty sterilization  Lengthy cleaning process for the catheter  Contamination in a loose valve  Product Recall  Costly Litigation  No Clear Solution for Bronchoscope makers Results

New AquaLung Bronchoscope  Problem: Bacteria contaminates the catheter  Solution: Disposable catheter eliminates patient risk  Problem: Lengthy sterilization delay patients and staff  Solution: Simple snap-on/snap-off catheter increases patient throughput and eliminates hazardous sterilization chemicals  Problem: Small eyepiece and/or bulky monitors prohibit viable use in ambulances  Solution: Attaches directly to any Personal Computer with a USB port, easy user-interface and high portability  Problem: No way to compare patient’s progress  Solution: Save image electronically for future use

System Overview Camera/lens Assembly Preliminary Processing Unit (PPU) Fiber US B P.C. Preliminary Processing Unit (PPU) PC USB LED PWR Image

Imaging System

Camera & Lens Assembly Original scope uses miniature CMOS video (NTSC) camera. For our prototype we will use inexpensive CCD objective system camera. The other end optical fiber will connected to super CCD area image sensor (S9737). Wavelength nm S9737 CCD sensor is designed for low light level detection.

Tube and Fiber Assembly Standard SMA termination Pixels ( 7000 pieces of fiber inside ) for a clear viewing. 0.5mm diameter glass fiber imaging bundle enables scope to bend around. Actual tube length is 790mm but for our prototype we will use 1 meter long for inexpensive termination. 2 high efficiency krypton light bulbs to illuminate the image.

P.P.U. Layout A/D Converter CCD USB Interface CCD Logic Par/Ser Image USB PWR LED PWR

Preliminary Processing Unit Optical receiver- obtains input from optical terminator and pass it to the Analog to Digital converter. CCD Sensor S Analog to Digital converter- receives signal from Optical receiver and sends it to the Digital Signal Processing unit (DSP). USB interface (AT89C5131A-M)- sends data (in USB format) to a PC where the signal will be handled to capture and manipulate image. Miscellaneous-Power for head assembly.

PC Processing Device Driver USB Operating System Image Processing Software User Interface

Bronchoscope Device Driver USB Interface to PC Plug and Play Capable Developed by Team AquaLung

Operating System All software will be developed to use with Microsoft Windows XP, the current market leader.

Image Processing Software Functionality to Include Display Real-Time Image Zoom In/Zoom Out Save Crop and Rotate Color/Contrast Enhancement

Mechanical Connections The following mechanical connections must be maintained where the catheter can be detached. Power to the LEDs Fiber Optic cable to the camera A seal along the biopsy channel must be water-tight Cable to control the tip of the scope

Time Chart

Estimated Prototype Cost Camera/Lens$800 Fiber Optic Cable50 Printed Circuit Board90 Chips500 USB Cable10 Labor (We’re FREE!)0 Total Cost$1,450

Projected Product Revenue All Amounts in Millions Estimated Annual Product Revenue Full System $5000)$50.0 Catheters $300)30.0 Total Revenue $80.0 Estimated Costs Rebates on Returned Catheters $200 each)20.0 Catheter Production0.8 System Production6.6 Total Product Costs 27.4 Estimated Annual Product Revenue $52.6

Technical Challenges CCD Sensor extremely sensitive to ESD. Focusing eye piece onto CCD window. USB Interfacing. Mechanical Connection (Air-Tight). High Complexity Image Processing Software. Window’s Device Drivers.

Questions ??

AquaLung Capstone PDR Robin Elliott Greg Newcomb Wilfredo Oteromatos Mir Minhaz Ali Thank You!