Figure 12-2 Asian Pacific Islanders

Model Minority Education and the economy Model Minority image - in spite of prejudice and discrimination Asian Americans have been successful Education–viewed as overachievers Unrecognized and overlooked educational needs Under-represented on college campuses Experience stress and alienation on campus Asian Americans as group have more formal schooling than Whites

Model Minority Occupationally Asian Americans occupy mid-level occupations and are under-represented in top management positions in corporate America Glass ceiling and glass wall impact on upward mobility Small businesses  Family owned and operated Agriculture Middlemen minorities – occupy jobs within the middle of the occupational structure

The Door Half Open Prejudice and discrimination directed at Asian Americans Asian Americans are often stereotyped and ignored or described in negative ways in the media  Inappropriate use of cliches by reports  Mistaken identity – wrong identity or nationality

The Door Half Open Asian Americans are often stereotyped and ignored or described in negative ways in the media  Overgeneralizations  Ethnic slurs  Inflammatory reporting  Japan bashing  Media invisibility  Model minority

Political Activity Politically Asian Americans tend to be less active than other subordinate groups Function of  historical influences  cultural influences  demographic influences

Diversity Among Asian Americans Asian pacific islanders  Census bureau lists thirty- seven groups Diverse  Historically  Culturally  Politically  Economically

Filipino Americans Filipino immigration largely occurred in four different periods 1. First group came in the 1920’s 2. Second group came as contract workers on sugar cane plantations and settled in Hawaii 3. Third group came after World War II 4. Fourth group mostly professionals arrived under the 1965 Immigration Act American born Filipinos tend to be educationally and economically disadvantaged in comparison to new arrivals

Lack significant ethnic organizations-function of 1. Strong loyalty to family and church 2. Diversity among Filipinos 3. Club like organization 4. Involvement outside of community Filipino Americans

Asian Indians Pattern of immigration 1. Between 1820 and 1965 approximately 17,000 came 2. Many came under the 1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act Tended to be better educated, urban and English speaking

The Present Picture: Asian Indians Religious diversity  Hindu  Sikhs  Muslims  Zoroastrians

The Present Picture: Asian Indians Religious traditions remain strong among new arrivals Family traditions  Desi  Arranged marriages Cultural conflicts

Southeast Asian Americans Southeast Asian immigrants came largely from  Vietnam  Cambodia  Laos Many arrived as political refugees after the Communist take over in their respective countries Many experienced adjustment problems culturally, and economically

Korean Americans Pattern of immigration First group of 7,000 immigrants came between 1903 and 1910 and settled and worked as laborers in Hawaii Second group of 14,000 came after the Korean War from Third group and largest group came under the 1965 Immigration Act

Korean Community Started small businesses  Family members contribute to its operation  Capital investments are often obtained through the Korean custom of the Kye Koreans face cultural and economic adjustment problems

Korean Community Church is the most visible and important organization outside of the family  Provides a sense of community  In the early 1990s, nationwide attention was given to the friction between Korean Americans and other subordinate groups, primarily African Americans, but also Hispanics

Hawaii and its People Ethnically diverse  Whites (Haoles)  Japanese  Filipino  Hawaiian  Other Asians  Hispanic  Other groups

Figure 12-3 Hawaii Racial Composition

Hawaii: Historical Background Initially populated by Polynesians  First European contact in 1778 Governed by a monarchy Effect of European colonization led to civil war and disease that resulted in the decline of the Hawaiian population Revolution in 1893 instigated by business interests

Hawaii became a United States territory Sovereignty movement Current race relations are improving and are better than on the mainland Hawaii: Historical Background