There’s plenty of room at the bottom RICHARD P. FEYNMAN (1953)

Thinking small I was born not knowing and have had only a little time to change that here and there

Writing small How small can we write ? Write encyclopedia Britannica on a head of a pin ? Head of a pin X = encyclopedia Britannica 80 A for a dot more than 1000 atoms

Writing small How can we write small ? Using light Computer chips DNA chips "(...)the idea seemed so obvious to me and so elegant that I fell deeply in love with it. And, like falling in love with a woman, it is only possible if you do not know much about her, so you cannot see her faults”. ~ Feynman, about the idea that led to his Nobel prize

Reading small Can we make better microscopes ? Observe biological and chemical processes He is by all odds the most brilliant young physicist here [at Los Alamos], and everyone knows this. ~ J. Robert Oppenheimer

Microcomputer Can be much faster Can be more powerful Isn’t the brain a bunch of microcomputer? If I could explain it to the average person, I wouldn't have been worth the Nobel Prize. ~ Richard Feynman

Molecular machines Using a pantograph Using small machines Using a lot of small machines

Molecular Doctor

Can we use classical engineering ? Probably not – the VDV become very important What about kT (thermal vibrations ) ? What about cooling small systems ? There are two types of genius. Ordinary geniuses do great things, but they leave you room to believe that you could do the same if only you worked hard enough. Then there are magicians, and you can have no idea how they do it. Feynman was a magician. ~ Hans Bethe

The 1000 dollar award Small engine Micro letters Nature uses only the longest threads to weave her patterns, so that each small piece of her fabric reveals the organization of the entire tapestry. ~ Richard Feynman

Modern applications Nano car Nano robot Nano fridge I would hate to die twice. It’s so boring. ~ Feynman’s last words

Molecular Motor Atpase

nanocrystals Biological markers