Rocks The Geologic Dictionary. Rocks are made of Minerals (Minerals in Granite)

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Presentation transcript:

Rocks The Geologic Dictionary

Rocks are made of Minerals (Minerals in Granite)

Soil, sediment, Weathered rock, Regolith

Rock Identification is based on: Composition What minerals make up the rock? Texture What is the shape, size and orientation of the mineral grains that make up the rock? Major Difference: Crystalline vs. Clastic

James Hutton “The Father of Geology” Uniformitarianism

Charles Lyell

Rock Cycle Magma Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks Metamorphic Rocks Sediment Crystallization Melting Metamorphism Lithification Weathering Erosion Transport Deposition

Proportions of Rock Types on the Earth igneous & metamorphic rocks = crystalline rocks

Igneous Rocks Identification

Igneous Composition Mafic Felsic

Igneous Textures - Crystalline Coarse GrainedFine Grained

Igneous Textures - Crystalline Porphyritic Phenocrysts Groundmass

Igneous Textures - Crystalline Glassy Vesicular

Igneous Textures Fragmental (Pyroclastic)

Igneous Rocks GraniteDioriteGabbro RhyoliteAndesite Basalt Course Fine FelsicMaficIntermediate

Igneous Rocks Pumice Obsidian Tuff Scoria Glassy Fragmental FelsicMafic Vesicular XX

Ultramafic Rock Coarse Grained: Peridotite (Dunite) Fine Grained: Komatiite

Igneous Rocks Interpretation

Sir James Hall Scottish Geologist

Igneous Rock “Translations” Composition (Mafic v. Felsic) Texture Grain Size, etc. Magma source How quickly and where magma cooled

“Translation” of Composition: Magma Source (simplified) Mafic Felsic (Partial) melting of the mantle (Partial) melting of continental crust (Partial) melting of oceanic crust

“Translation” of Texture: Plutons and Volcanoes Fine Grained Coarse Grained