Bernard Brunhes Discovered rocks in France in 1906 with reversed magnetic polarity.

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Presentation transcript:

Bernard Brunhes Discovered rocks in France in 1906 with reversed magnetic polarity

Cretaceous ‘superchron’

Pacific Antarctic ridge Schematic model

Drummond Matthews (left) and Fred Vine Cambridge University

Magnetic anomalies over the Reykjanes Ridge (S. of Iceland) from Vine & Matthews (1963). Positive anomalies are colored, negative ones are white.

Magnetic anomaly patterns acquired by the oceanic crust, while it formed during the Gilbert Reversed Chron (top) and afterwards (from Vine & Matthews, 1963) Gauss Matuyama Brunhes (today) Gilbert

Juan de FucaEast Pacific Rise observed mirror image model

Relative spreading rates

Blanco fracture zone

Alfred Wegener

Wegener’s map (1910). Note the distortion of India. Map made with a computer (1965).

The meaning of an “apparent” polar wander path (APWP).

S. Keith Runcorn (1922 – 1995)

Computer-generated fit of the Atlantic- bordering continents (Bullard et al., 1965), minimizing gaps and overlaps.

Ages of the Ocean floor determined from magnetic anomalies (~ 1990)

Late Cretaceous (~85 Ma) map of the world (Scotese, 1981)

Magnetic field during reversals

Geodynamo simulations (Glatzmaier and Roberts, 1996) Inner core Outer core High fluid velocity in tangent cylinder

Magnetic field lines Close up of inner core

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