Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong 10 years of Construction Safety Measures in Hong Kong: Lessons Learned? CIIHK Conference 2007 Never Safe Enough: A Wider Look at Construction Health and Safety Professor Steve Rowlinson ( 盧連新 ) Department of Real Estate and Construction, The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Location and Share of Global GDP 1999 AfricaGDP:1.9%Pop:794M AsiaGDP:24.2%Pop:3,495M Latin America and Caribbean GDP:4.0%Pop:519M NorthernAmerica GDP:31.7 % Pop:314M Middle East GDP:4.0%Pop:188M Eastern Europe& Russia GDP:3.0%Pop:307M WesternEuropeGDP:31.3%Pop:422M 1999 (GDP) / 2000 ( Population )

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Location and Share of Global GDPAfrica GDP: 3.3 % Pop: 800 M, 12.5% Asia GDP: 34.5 % Pop: 3,531 M, 55.2% Central & South America GDP: 7.5 % Pop: 537 M, 8.4% North America GDP: 21.3 % Pop: 333 M, 5.2% Middle East GDP: 3.1 % Pop: 269 M, 4.2% Eastern Europe & Russia GDP: 7.2 % Pop: 467 M, 7.3% Western Europe GDP: 21.4 % Pop: 403 M, 6.3% Oceania GDP: 1.7 % Pop: 26 M, 0.4% Source : World Economic Outlook 2005, International Monetary Fund.

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Researcher at play Is this dangerous? Is this safe?

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Economic and Demographic Indicators at Year 2004 Source : World Development Indicators Database, World Bank. countryPopulation (m)GDP/head (US$)Accident rate (per 1000 workers) USA ,75263 UK59.436, Japan , Australia20.131,37525 EU ,48072 Singapore4.324,6418 New Zealand4.324,64132 Hong Kong6.823,81460 Malaysia25.24,6727 Thailand62.42,62129 China1,296.51, Indonesia217.61,184-- Vietnam or more

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Economic and Demographic Indicators at Year 2004 Source : World Development Indicators Database, World Bank. countryPopulation (m)GDP/head (US$)Accident rate (per 1000 workers) USA ,75263 UK59.436, Japan , Australia20.131,37525 EU ,48072 Singapore4.324,6418 New Zealand4.324,64132 Hong Kong6.823,81460 Malaysia25.24,6727 Thailand62.42,62129 China1,296.51, Indonesia217.61,184-- Vietnam or more

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Accidents per 1,000 Construction Workers Japan & UK : over 3 day non-fatal injuries

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Accidents and Initiatives

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Safety initiatives in HK (1) 1994Safety Management System 1994Pay for Safety Scheme 1994Performance Assessment Scoring System 1994Safety Plan 1995Consultation Paper on Self-Regulatory SMS 1996Green Card Scheme 1997Construction Sites (Safety) Regulations 1997Factories & Industrial Undertakings Regulations 1997Occupational Safety & Health Ordinance Cap Construction Site Safety Manual & Handbook 1998Site Supervision Plan System

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Safety initiatives in HK (2) 1998Occupational Safety & Health Regulation 1999 Factories & Industrial Undertaking (Amendment) Ordinance 2000PASS (Revised to include PFSS provision) 2000Contractor Performance Index System 2000Code of Practice for Site Safety Supervision 2001Automatic Suspension from Tendering System 2002Site Safety Cycle 2002 Factories & Industrial Undertakings (Safety Management) Reg 2002Code pf Practice on Safety Management 2003Construction Site (Safety) (Amendment) Reg 2005Safety Partnering Programme

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Source: Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Source: Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Hong Kong Accident Rate

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong One country Two systems

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong One country Two systems

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong One country Two systems

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Researcher at work Is this dangerous? Is this safe?

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Implementation Self regulation Legislation or Certification

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Traditional Adversarial Approach Long Term Benefits

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Summary Current green card system is not effective Communication is a problem in safety improvement Drivers for improvement are opposing: –Business issues –Ethical issues –Social responsibility Institutional barriers exist to a concerted effort

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Summary Education and training at tertiary and professional levels are inadequate Potential issues which can be used as drivers for improvements: –Corporate social responsibility –Developer attitude –Client insurance –Design management –Work life balance –“ Can do ” attitude –Use of data –Procurement systems –Relationship management –Honest auditing – focus on improvement

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Issues arising Maturity Benchmarking Toolkit Competence framework CDM Engagement

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Organisational Maturity

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Benchmarking Safety Steve Rowlinson, Jason Matthews, Brian Atkin

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Why Benchmark? Competitive advantage - “an external focus on internal activities, functions or operations in order to achieve continuous improvement” Safety issues:

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Safety supports company processes Cost reduction & increased efficiency Strategic

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong human resource management implementation & procedures organisational management specific project objectives SMS Inputs

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Safetytoolkit

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Construction safety competence framework Staff competence Culture actions Safety culture Leading to Performance

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Initiatives Design management Worker engagement

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Issues Legislate or manage

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Issues Corporate manslaughter

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Issues CSR

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong Issues CIC

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong A new business paradigm Safe sites are profitable sites? or vice versa?

Department of Real Estate and Construction The University of Hong Kong