Intonation and Communication Martha C. Pennington Martha C. Pennington Professor of Writing and Linguistics.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Qualities of a good facilitator
Advertisements

Approach, method and technique
Chapter 7 Ruben & Stewart (2006). Message Production Every aspect of our behavior (language, tone of voice, appearance, eye contact, actions, use of space.
Please check. Announcements 1.Don't forget your plagiarism certificate next week. You must turn that in in order to stay enrolled in the class. 2.The.
Nonverbal Communication and Teamwork
Anthropology 340 LANGUAGE AND CULTURE Non-Verbal Communication.
Ways of classifying varieties of English Style, register, genre, …
ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION As a domain of inquiry, linguistic anthropology starts from the theoretical assumption that words matter and from the empirical.
OASIS Reference Model for Service Oriented Architecture 1.0
ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION As a domain of inquiry, linguistic anthropology starts from the theoretical assumption that words matter and from the empirical.
Language, Culture and Communication: Introduction
ETHNOGRAPHY OF COMMUNICATION
LCS: 1 October 2008 ‘attitudes’: taboo sites, lab 1 Ethnography ConvAnal (Antaki) Perceptions/attitudes: dude, pbs Quiz 2 planning process.
Ethnography. In ethnography, the researcher  Participates in people's daily lives for an extended period of time  Watches everyday happenings  Listens.
SPANISH HIGH SCHOOL SPANISH II
Psycholinguistics 09 Conversational Interaction. Conversation is a complex process of language use and a special form of social interaction with its own.
Communication Ms. Morris.
Speech Acts Lecture 8.
The various types of nonverbal communication are basically forms of communication without words. You might be led into thinking that this form is rather.
Sociolinguistics.
Cross-cultural Communication and Negotiation
Learning ahead Types of non-verbal communication What do facial expressions say about us? Importance of Personal space & physical contact.
Non Verbal Communication Chapter 5. Terms to Know Body language Tone of voice Gesture Space Distance Eye contact.
Speech Class Delivering Your Speech. Many speakers are so concerned with what they will say (i.e., the content), that they are unaware of how they will.
Recognition of meeting actions using information obtained from different modalities Natasa Jovanovic TKI University of Twente.
Various Definitions of Pragmatics. Morristhe study of the relations of signs to interpreters (1938) deals with the origin, uses, and effects of signs.
Assessing Listening.
Developing Communicative Dr. Michael Rost Language Teaching.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION What does it look like and sound like when students use evidence to support their thinking?
TECHNICAL WRITING [UWB20302 / UMB1042]
N o, you don’t understand, I mean… Irini Nomikou supervisor: Dr. Floriana Grasso The one with the conductor and the girl on the train Cond: Did you pay.
C ONTEXT AND CULTURE. D O YOU REMEMBER THIS ? Hymes suggests that in order to be able to communicate language, a person should acquire four types of knowledge:
SPEECH AND WRITING. Spoken language and speech communication In a normal speech communication a speaker tries to influence on a listener by making him:
Non Verbal Communication How necessary is it to use and interpret it? Demosthenous Christiana.
HYMES (1964) He developed the concept that culture, language and social context are clearly interrelated and strongly rejected the idea of viewing language.
Procedural meaning: problems and perspectives UNED, Madrid, October 2009 Prosody: conceptual and procedural meaning; natural and non-natural meaning Tim.
The Message Chapter 5.
ACE TESOL Diploma Program – London Language Institute OBJECTIVES You will understand: 1. The terminology and concepts of semantics, pragmatics and discourse.
+ Becoming a Public Speaker Chapter One. + Why Study Public Speaking Public Speaking can… Advance ______________________ Accomplish _____________________.
UNIT 2 - IMPLICATURE.
Topic and the Representation of Discourse Content
Understanding Effective Communication Techniques.
ADRESS FORMS AND POLITENESS Second person- used when the subject of the verb in a sentence is the same as the individual to.
Language and Gender. Language and Gender is… Language and gender is an area of study within sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, and related fields.
Nonverbal Communication. Communication in general is process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to share knowledge, attitudes, and.
School Kids Investigating Language & Life in Society 3 February 2015 Lesson 4: Levels of Linguistic Structure, History of English Teaching Fellows Anna.
Defining Discourse.
Listening & Non-Verbal Communication Mrs. Berry 8 th Grade Medical Skills & Services.
 Traditional ethnographic research to help learn the perspectives held by those you are studying.
Discourse Analysis Week 10 Riggenbach (1999) Chapter 1 - Quotes.
Functions for intonation in English “The messages we convey depend just as much on how we say something as on what we actually say” (Dalton & Seidlhofer,
Effective Communication Techniques. Interest Approach Give each student a copy of a relevant news article. Explain the importance of skimming and scanning.
2. The standards of textuality: cohesion Traditional approach to the study of lannguage: sentence as conventional object of study Structuralism (Bloofield,
PRESUPPOSITION PRESENTED BY: SUHAEMI.
Implicature. I. Definition The term “Implicature” accounts for what a speaker can imply, suggest or mean, as distinct from what the speaker literally.
Eye contact activity 1. Communication and Employability Skills for IT Unit 1 2 1, 3 and 6 ONLY.
The Functions of Intonation
The ‘text’ as linguistic unit. Different approaches to the study of texts from a linguistic perspective have been put forward - e.g. text grammar vs.
The Functions of Intonation Shane Lee Ward. THE GRAMMATICAL FUNCTION OF INTONATION 0 Can mark “grammatical contrasts, such as chunking into clauses and.
INTONATION: WHAT IS IT GOOD FOR? CHRISTOPHER KEARNS THE NEW SCHOOL.
Listening Comprehension in Pedagogical Research
COMMUNICATION OF MEANING
Interpreting as Process
Non-Verbal Communication
An Overview Of Vision 1 Summer 1395.
Theoretical/Philosophical Foundation in English Language Training
Chapter 8 Communicative competence
Discourse and Text Umnia Jamal
Competence and performance
Teaching Listening Comprehension
Presentation transcript:

Intonation and Communication Martha C. Pennington Martha C. Pennington Professor of Writing and Linguistics

The Unreality of Grammars Traditional grammars, in relying on a written language norm filtered through an ancient language [Latin] and in privileging the sentence as the essential unit of analysis, have described language in terms of an abstract ideal rather than as a central aspect of human behavior. Pennington, M. C. (2002). Grammar and communication: New directions in theory and practice. In Eli Hinkel and Sandra Fotos (eds.), New Perspectives on Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms. Mahwah, New Jersey and London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, p. 96.

Communication is a process of: Communication is a process of: (i) A speaker signaling intentions to an addressee, and then an addressee, and then (ii) The addressee making inferences about what the speaker meant by about what the speaker meant by the signal. the signal. Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell.

Means of Communicating Other Than Language  Gestures (e.g. pointing, waving, shrugged shoulders)  Facial expressions (e.g. smiling, frowning, quizzical look) (e.g. smiling, frowning, quizzical look)  Eye contact (brief or sustained, and lack thereof)  Physical distance (from minimal separation to far apart)

AND…  Bodily orientation (e.g. directly facing or leaning towards one or another participant)  Type and amount of touching (e.g. of a person’s arm while speaking)  Other forms of physical contact (e.g. intimate contact such as kissing), which may preclude or take precedence over linguistic expression

3 Methods of Signaling Describing-as We describe something as a fish when we present the word fish. Indicating We indicate an individual fish when we point at it. Demonstrating We demonstrate the size of a fish when we hold our hands so far apart. Clark, Herbert H. (1996). Using Language. Clark, Herbert H. (1996). Using Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 391.

Meaning by Contrast Instead of thinking of meaning as a property which is inherently attached to the word, we can focus upon the way people use words— and, indeed, other linguistic items—to create oppositions, as in “friend not relative”, “friend not merely acquaintance”, which are of relevance to whatever communicative purpose is presently being pursued. Brazil, David (1995). A Grammar of Speech. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 35.

An Everyday Example An Everyday Example PATANDMARTY They live together and are going about their normal Saturday routine.

Those 3 Little Words I got it!

Some Meanings of Get SUBJECT AS RECIPIENT  I got a letter. (‘receive’)  I got the flu. (‘catch’)  I got sick. (‘became’)  I got stung by a bee. (‘be’) SUBJECT AS ACTOR  I got my child from the daycare center. (‘fetch’)  I got my baby some new blankets. (‘obtain’)  I got dinner ready. (‘caused to happen’)

High Key Intonation It narrows down the context of assumptions to one contrasting with all other possibilities. Brazil, David (1997). The Communicative Value of Intonation in English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Intonation as a Signaling System Informing (Informational) Function Signaling informativeness: Salience/non-salience (high pitch vs. non-high pitch) Structuring (Syntactic) Function Signaling boundaries: Completion/non-completion (pitch fall vs. absence of fall) Interactional (Participatory) Function Signaling participation: Hearer involvement/non- involvement (pitch rise vs. non-rise)

Functions of Intonation  Chunking and structuring information  Managing speech production and interaction  Revealing the ongoing state of knowledge construction and control of discourse

Speakers construct their utterances in relation to:  their own purposes and intentions;  their knowledge of communicative context, including what the hearer can be presumed to know; and can be presumed to know; and  their knowledge of contextual effects.

The communication is realized by means of: (i) the specific speaker’s selection of (ii) tonal pattern together with (iii) specific words and (iv) their arrangement as exactly the right language, no less and no more, given (v) the specific context and (vi) intended audience, to trigger the intended interpretation.

Conclusions about Language  Language is necessarily social and must be referenced to the joint actions of at least two people.  Meaning does not inhere in a sentence but is created in the interaction between speaker and hearer.

Conclusions about Intonation  The tonal properties of an utterance are essential to the precise coding of a message to be both efficient and interpretable by a particular audience on a particular occasion.  The workings of intonation make a very good case that a grammar abstracted from real communicative events and contexts is not merely abstract but unreal and unworkable.