Agenda Field and Laboratory Research Field and Laboratory Research Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Survey Work Survey Work
Distinguishing Field and Laboratory Research Field studies occur in the natural environment Field studies occur in the natural environment Laboratory studies control for many interfering elements in the environment Laboratory studies control for many interfering elements in the environment Distinction is fluid Distinction is fluid
Advantages and Limitations of Field and Laboratory Research Power of manipulation + - Realism + - Control usually - + Measurement maybe + Randomization- + Observer Bias - + Field Laboratory
Agenda Field and Laboratory Research Field and Laboratory Research Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Survey Work Survey Work
Foundation of Empirical Inquiry, Part 1: The Attitude A Willingness to Be Guided by Data, Not Prejudice
Knowledge Based on Empirical Facts Empirical Research Describes Reality to Help Form Accurate Pictures Empirical Research is a Tool to Discover Lawlike Behaviors Foundation of Empirical Inquiry, Part 2: Purposes
Agenda Field and Laboratory Research Field and Laboratory Research Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Foundations of Empirical Inquiry Survey Work Survey Work
Survey Response Rates Adequate Good Very Good Interviews 70% 80% 90% Mailed surveys 50% 60% 70%
Forms of Questions When are questions preferred to statements? When are questions preferred to statements? Question types Question types Forms not recommended Forms not recommended
Causes of Response Problems Among Respondents n Awareness of Subjects n Ability to Recall Information
Ways to Ensure Valid Answers Check questions Check questions Polarity rotation Polarity rotation Measures of test taking behavior Measures of test taking behavior Social Desirability Scales Social Desirability Scales MMPI Lie Scale MMPI Lie Scale Jackson’s Infrequency Index Jackson’s Infrequency Index