FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 1 Technology of Wet Grinding Pharma and Cosmetics October 2003 Hans Brogli

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 2 uDefinition Grinding, Wet Grinding uCharacterisation uModula Grinding Aggregates uAnnular Gap Mill CoBall-Mill uApplications uSummary Contents

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 3 We differentiate between: Wet Grinding Grinding Dry Grinding u u Grinding u u Dispersing

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 4 Grinding uCrushing of solid matters, crystals or fibres in small parts in a fluid, e.g. active substances, colour pigments Wet Grinding

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 5 udestroying of agglomerates, wetting and homogeneous dispersing in a fluid, e.g. toothpaste, lipstick Wet Grinding u umerging of two not mixable fluids (oil, water) under the effect of shear forces, turbulences and an emulsifier e.g. ointments, body cream Dispersing Emulsifying

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 6 Characterisation u u Effect of mechanical forces Different products are milled on our mills by impact, pressure, shear forces, cutting or friction u u Resistability - hard-elastic, fibrous fruit flesh, coconut flesh, aloe vera plants - hardness of crystalline parts up to mohs hardness 9.5

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 7 Continuous Mills uPerforated Disc Mills uToothed Colloid Mill uCorundum Stone Mill uIn-Line Homogenizer uAnnular Gap Mill CoBall-Mill Wet Grinding

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 8 “Modula“ The new dimension Modula

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 9 Mills M/ML, M/MZ, M/MK Open Execution, Outlet open u Feeding with hopper u Feeding with hopper and feeding screw u Feeding with pump Grinding Aggregates In-line Execution Closed Execution, Outlet pipeline u u Inlet connected to a tank u u Feeding with pump

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 10 Perforated Disc Mill

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 11 Perforated Disc Mill M/ML Crushing, Pre-grinding u u Size up to 100 mm u u Fineness approx 1 mm The desired fineness is adjusted by the size of the holes in the perforated discs Hole dia. 1.5 to 20 mm or slotted discs

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 12 Toothed Colloid Mill M/MZ

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 13 Toothed Colloid Mill M/MZ Fine Grinding u u Starting size depending on product up to 5mm u u Fineness approx 100 µ The desired fineness is adjustable with u u Toothing, coarse, normal, crosswise u u Grinding gap infinitely adjustable (gap between rotor and stator)

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 14 Corundum Stone Mill M/MK

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 15 Finest Grinding u u Fineness µ Corundum Stone Mill The desired fineness is adjustable with u u Different graining of grinding discs grain 20 to 120 u u Grinding gap infinitely adjustable (gap between rotor- and stator disc)

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 16 Modula

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 17 Modula

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 18 Modula - Range Type Toothed Colloid Mill Tool Diameter [mm] Drive Capacity [kW] Throughput [kg/h] M/MZ M/MZ M/MZ M/MZ M/MZ Type Corundum Stone Mill Tool Diameter [mm] Drive Capacity [kW] Throughput [kg/h] M/MK M/MK M/MK M/MK M/MK Type Perforated Disc Mill Tool Diameter [mm] Drive Capacity [kW] Throughput [kg/h] M/ML M/ML M/ML M/ML

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 19 uDispersing, crushing of agglomerates uEmulsifying uExchangeable rotor-, stator elements, different toothing Modula M/DIL

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 20 Modula M/DIL

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 21 M/DIL - Range Type DisHo-Inline Tool Diameter [mm] Drive Capacity [kW] Throughput based on: Water [l/h] M/DIL ,57000 M/DIL M/DIL M/DIL

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 22 Annular Gap CoBall Mill

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 23 product inlet cooling medium product outlet cooling medium outlet beads outlet Processing CoBall Mill

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 24 Finest grinding down to the Nano range < 0.5 µ Adjusting Possibilities u u Rotor speed u u Diameter of grinding beads and grinding gap (rotor). u u Material of grinding beads (spec. weight ) CoBall Mill u u Degree of beads filling u u Capacity u u Product temperature u u Product viscosity (contents of dry substances )

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 25 CoBall Mill MS-12 MS-50

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 26 CoBall Mill Advantages u u Narrow grinding gap (four times beads diameter) high energy density  narrow grain spectrum u u Optimum cooling, all surfaces rotor, stator, lid coolable u u Smooth grinding elements resistant to wear, no pins, naps etc.

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 27 CoBall Mill u u Products from fluid to very viscous can be processed u u Cleaning, sterilizing and drying without emptying of grinding beads u u Small grinding chamber volume - Little remnants at product change - Quick cleaning, little consumption of cleaning material - Easy and efficient change of products

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 28 CoBall Mill - Range TypMS-12MS-18MS-32MS-50 Rotor diameter (mm) Rotor Driving capacity (kw) 2,2- 35, , Throughput (l/h) Net weight (kg) (approx.)

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 29 Applications Pharma suspensions, ointments, veterinary products, eye drops, tablet coating, active- substances, clotrimazole, betametasone, etc. Cosmetics creams, emulsions, lipstick, nail polish, mascara, eye shadow, titandioxyde, animal skins, shrimp shells, plants, roots, aloe vera etc.

FKFK Pharma/Cosmetics 30 u u All mill types are constructed according to GMP guidelines u u All mills can be equipped with CIP, SIP and DIP u u Delivery with all qualification documents, possibility of validation u u All lubricants with USDA-H1 admission u u For clean rooms all mills can be delivered with water cooled motors (no turbulences) u u Products with a viscosity from fluid to highly viscous can be processed u u Due to the new modular construction all mills are easy to handle and quickly convertable Summary