University of WashingtonComputing & Communications CAMPUS NETWORK DESIGN: Wired vs. Wireless Terry Gray Director, Networks & Distributed Computing UW Computing & Communications September 2001

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Scope of UW Networking UW Campus Networks –Seattle –Tacoma –Bothell/CCC Medical Centers (net design) –UW Physicians Network –UW Medical Center –Harborview Medical Center Pacific/NorthWest Gigapop –Pacific Wave exchange point –Pacific Light Rail Statewide K20 Network

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Pacific Northwest Gigapop

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Baseline Connectivity Shared 10Mbps HD Switched 10Mbps HD Switched 10/100Mbps FD –backed by GE switch/router infrastructure Goal: Switched 10/100 FD for all; GE for a few Reality: Cat3 wireplant upgrade will take multiple years and multiple millions of dollars

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Advanced Services Multicast –Partially deployed –Older routers need to be replaced QoS –Laissez faire? Premium service? –Best with FD connections. VoIP –Needs QoS, extra-high availability –POE desirable; implies UPS in closets IPv6

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Premium Services? Wide-area QoS chargeback? Preferred access to Internet for a fee? Lots of interesting policy and tech issues...

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Mistakes We Didn't Make FDDI to the desk VLANs ATM Various "cut-thru IP switching" digressions Claim: Staying with pure IP and Ethernet has served UW very well...

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Current Statistics Avg Backbone traffic: nearly 2 TB/day Peak Inbound traffic: 100 Mbps (40 in 1999) Peak Outbound traffic: 160 Mbps (20 in 1999) Doubling time: Less than 2 years!! Hosts: over 50,000 Modems: over 2,000 Switched subnets: 70% (30% in 1999) 10/100 FD subnets: 25% (5% in 1999) Cat 5 buildings: 10%

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications UW-S Building/Subnet Status

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications GigE Buildings Physics/Astronomy Fisheries Center new Ocean Lander Hall McCarty Hall Parrington Hall Edmondson Pavillion Mary Gates Hall OUG Library part of Electrical Engr. part of HS K wing part of HS T wing part of Johnson Hall part of Savery part of Thomson Hall part of 4545

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Simplified Network Topology Router Border Router Core Switch Edge Switch Edge Switch Interior Switch Interior Switch Gigapop Internet2 Desktop Internet Fed Nets Branch Site 50,000 PBX

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Number of Devices

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Backbone Traffic

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Border Traffic 1999

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Border Traffic 2001

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Recurring Theme: Explosive Growth More users More devices Longer use New (bandwidth-intensive) applications –e.g. remote collaboration tools –audio/video streaming –tele-immersion –distance learning

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Networking Hot List Campus building/subnet upgrades Backbone upgrades (production, experimental) Regional networking Network Hardening Security Advanced Services Wireless Management/diagnostic tools

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Success Metrics 10/100 FD connections: xx% Multicast deployment: xx% QoS deployment: xx% Dept’l wireless coverage: xx% Router center hardening: xx% Backbone capacity IPv6 capable routers

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications On to Wireless...

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Wireless Categories Wireless by Purpose –Point-to-Point links –Access networks Wireless by Spectrum –Infrared –RF –Optical

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Wireless RF by Range PAN/HAN (Personal/Home-Area-Network) –Bluetooth –HomeRF LAN (Local-Area-Network) –IEEE –ETSI HiperLAN2 MAN (Metro-Area-Network) –LMDS, “Fixed Wireless” WAN (Wide-Area-Network) –Ricochet (R.I.P.) –CDPD –2.5G, 3G, etc, etc, etc

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications LAN Wireless Standards IEEE GHz, 1-2Mbps, FHSS, DSSS IEEE b 2.4Ghz, 11Mbps DSSS (WiFi) IEEE a 5Ghz, 54Mbps ETSI HiperLAN2 5Ghz, 54Mbps, TDMA In US, all use unlicensed “ISM” bands

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications ISSUES Network Design, esp. Topology Access control Security Compatibility Interference Relation to Bluetooth, HomeRF, etc Obsolescence

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications ROAMING ISSUES Layer 2 (802.11) vs. Layer 3 (Mobile IP) Vendor incompatibility LAN vs. WAN We will support L2 roaming within a building by dedicating one subnet for all access points in the building.

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Policy Issues Part of campus network infrastructure Want to encourage small-scale deployments with minimum overhead, but coordination needed to avoid interference Large-scale deployments need to be coordinated by C&C Campus-wide access control policy

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications UW-S Wireless Deployment C&C Pilot Project –Kane Hall, Rm. 130 –Mary Gates Hall –Gerberding Hall –Odegaard Undergraduate Library Other wireless projects –CS, C&C, Business, MCIS,...

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Pilot Project Objectives Provide 11 Mb coverage throughout selected facilities. Allow roaming within facility space. Develop suitable policies. Gain operational experience.

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Pilot Project Lessons Learned Success depends on cooperation w/dep’ts It takes more wire than you think! Site surveys & frequency sweeps needed. WEP is not secure; use SSH, SSL, etc. Technology still evolving 2.4GHz phones interfere badly

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Wired vs. Wireless Issues Server suitability Performance Performance variation Price/Performance Interference Technology maturity Advanced services Security

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications a: Successor? Faster Shorter distance More power consumption Probably won’t replace b Probably need WAPs for both

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Infrastructure Requirements

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Conclusions Wireless is very addictive. It will be very popular. It will be very problematic. The dust has not settled. In offices, it is not a replacement for wired. In classrooms, lounges, etc, it is… but that still requires some wired infrastructure.

University of WashingtonComputing & Communications Wireless References Open Group: Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA) Wireless LAN Association (WLANA) Portable Computer & Communications Association (PCCA) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) WAP Forum Bluetooth Special Interest Group Mobile Wireless Internet Forum (MWIF) Wireless Information Networks Forum (WINForum) HiperLAN2 Global Forum Wireless Data Forum