Earth’s Interior & Plate Tectonics
Inside the Earth
The Earth’s Interior
Inner Core Solid Iron & Nickel 5000°C 5150 km deep 1300km thick
Outer Core Liquid Iron & Nickel 2200°-5000°C 2900 km deep 2250 km thick
Mantle Thick liquid Silicon, oxygen, iron & magnesium 870°-2200°C 2900 km thick Moho- boundary between outermost layer and mantle
Crust 3 types of solid rock – igneous, sedimentary, & metamorphic Oxygen & Silicon Oceanic crust 8 km thick-basalt Continental crust 32km thick-granite & basalt
Elements in the Earth’s Crust Oxygen 46.6% Silicon 27.72% Aluminum 8.13% Iron 5.00% Calcium 3.63% Sodium 2.83% Potassium 2.59% Magnesium 2.09% Titanium 0.40% Hydrogen 0.14%
Lithosphere Top most solid part of the earth Broken up into 7 major lithospheric plates
Plates
Plate Tectonics
Theory of Continental Drift 1900’s Alfred Wegener proposed that the earth used to be one giant landmass that split to form today’s continents
Fossil Evidence Fossils support Wegener’s theory. Glossopteris Mesosaurus Lystrosaurus Cynognathus
Rock Evidence Glacial Deposits Folded Mountains Coal Deposits
Convection Cells
Boiling Water
Ocean-Floor Spreading