전자 회로 1 Lecture 10 (BJT-II) 임한조 아주대학교 전자공학부

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Presentation transcript:

2009. 06. 임한조 아주대학교 전자공학부 hanjolim@ajou.ac.kr 전자 회로 1 Lecture 10 (BJT-II) 2009. 06. 임한조 아주대학교 전자공학부 hanjolim@ajou.ac.kr 이 강의 노트는 전자공학부 곽노준 교수께서 08.03에 작성한 것으로 노트제공에 감사드림.

BJT Summary 전류 방향 Ebers-Moll model Large signal equivalent circuit June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Example 1 Beta = 100, ic = 1mA @ VBE = 0.7V Objective: ic = 2mA, Vc = 5V June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Large signal operation June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Graphical analysis Operating point (Q) & small signal swing June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Head room & leg room A: Rc가 작을 때 B: Rc가 클 때 VCE 가 Vcc에 가깝다. Positive swing을 Vcc까지밖에 못한다.  Small head room B: Rc가 클 때 VCE 가 Vsat (0.1V~0.2V)에 가깝다. Negative swing이 제한받는다.  Small leg room Rc를 적절히 조절하여 적절한 Q point를 만든다. June 2008 Nojun Kwak

스위치로서의 동작 Cutoff (전류 = 0; Vc = Vcc)와 Saturation mode (전압 = Vsat)를 사용 Edge of saturation: In saturation mode: June 2008 Nojun Kwak

BJT at DC – Examples 1.동작 모드를 가정 2. 맨 마지막에 verification June 2008 Nojun Kwak

More examples Beta = 30 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Still more examples June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Another example (Buffer) June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Biasing Biasing: BJT amp의 (DC) 동작점을 결정해 준다.  not a good idea! a: 작은 VBE 변화  큰 IC 변화 b: 소자마다 beta가 크게 다름 IE가 VBE와 β의 변화에 영향을 덜 받도록 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Other biasing techniques Two power supply C-to-B feedback resistor Constant current source - Current mirror (b)로 만들 수 있음 VBE가 Q1,Q2에 대해 같기 때문 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Small signal operation & models Common emitter (CE) configuration 소신호 vbe 추가 전체 모델 소신호 vbe 제거 – bias을 잡기 위해서 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Transconductance (gm) June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Input resistances (seen at Base & Emitter) Small signal input resistance seen at the base Small signal input resistance seen at the emitter 참고 Small signal output resistance seen at the collector June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Voltage gain (common emitter) Small signal model (소신호 모델)에서는 Voltage/current source (DC 성분)을 0으로 놓고 해석하라. June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Transistor models π모델 T모델 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Early effect를 고려한 모델 Example 14,15,16 반드시 풀어볼 것!!! June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Amp. 특성 정의 (Chap.1/2의 확장) Output resistance of amp proper Input resistance with no load Input resistance June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Amp. 특성 정의 (Continued) Open-circuit voltage gain Voltage gain Short-circuit current gain Current gain Short-circuit transconductance Open-circuit overall voltage gain Overall voltage gain AMP. 고유의 특성 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Single-Stage (1-BJT) Amplifiers Operating point (DC bias) Small signal models June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CE (Common-Emitter) Amplifier Small signal 해석법 CE: 큰 용량 (bypass capacitor)  short circuit으로 해석 CC1 , CC2 : coupling capacitor  DC blocking, AC coupling DC source (voltage & current)  0으로 놓음 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CE amp.의 특성 Rin : 비교적 작음 (나쁨) Rout: 비교적 큼 (나쁨) Av: 큰 gain (좋음) 비교적 크다. 수 kohm 비교적 작다. 수 kohm Rin : 비교적 작음 (나쁨) Rout: 비교적 큼 (나쁨) Av: 큰 gain (좋음) High freq. 특성 안 좋음 주로 multi-stage amp의 중간단 (gain을 키우는 단)으로 사용 큰 gain. 수십~수백 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CE Amp with an Emitter Resistance Emitter에 저항이 있다면 T모델 선호: re와 Re가 series로 연결되므로 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CE + Emitter 저항의 특성 Input 저항이 (1+gmRe)늘어나는 대신 gain이 (1+gmRe)만큼 줄어듦 - Resistance reflection rule: Base에서 바라본 저항은 emitter 에서 바라본 저항의 1+β배 ex) rπ vs. re Input 저항이 (1+gmRe)늘어나는 대신 gain이 (1+gmRe)만큼 줄어듦 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CE + Emitter 저항의 특성 (Cont.) 비교적 큰 (small signal) input을 인가할 수 있음. Rib : (1+gmRe) 만큼 증가 Av: (1+gmRe) 만큼 감소 vi: (1+gmRe) 만큼 증가시킬 수 있음 Gv: less sensitive to β High freq. response가 좋아짐 (6장에서 다룰 예정) β에 덜 민감 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CB (Common-Base) Amp. Input: emitter / output: collector CC1 , CC2 : coupling capacitor  DC blocking, AC coupling  short circuit으로 해석 (소신호 모델에서) Input: emitter / output: collector June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CB amp.의 특성 매우 작음 β에 거의 상관 없음 High freq. response가 매우 좋음 (6장에서 다룰 예정)  high freq. amp를 만드는데 사용 unity gain current buffer로 사용 - Rin = 매우 작음, - Rout = 큼 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CC Amp. (Emitter follower) CC1 , CC2 : coupling capacitor  DC blocking, AC coupling  short circuit으로 해석 (소신호 모델에서) Not unilateral: - Rin 이 RL에 영향을 받음. - Rout이 Rsig에 영향을 받음. June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CC Amp.의 특성 : 크다 보통 굉장히 큰 RB를 사용 Emitter follower June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CC Amp.의 특성 (Cont.) June 2008 Nojun Kwak

CC Amp.의 특성 (Cont.) :작다 Rin : 크다 Rout: 작다 Gv: ~1 (unity gain) Multistage amp.의 마지막 단으로 사용 :작다 June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Summary (CE) June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Summary (CE+R) June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Summary (CB) June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Summary (CC) June 2008 Nojun Kwak

Internal Capacitances High frequency hybrid-pi model Low freq: 1/jwC  inf. (무시할 수 있음, open) High freq: 더 이상 무시할 수 없음. (C를 고려해야 함) ** 이 강의에서는 freq. response는 다루지 않음. (전자회로 II에서 다룰 예정) But, high freq 에서는 C를 short / low freq. 에서는 C를 open  반드시 기억 June 2008 Nojun Kwak