Enlarging the European Union Sources on EU Law, Policy and Statistics Duncan Alford Princeton University

CANDIDATE COUNTRIES NEGOTIATIONS CONCLUDED MAY 2004 ACCESSION ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA POLAND CZECH REP. SLOVAKIA HUNGARY SLOVENIA CYPRUS MALTA NEGOTIATIONS ONGOING ROMANIA BULGARIA ACCEPTED FOR MEMBERSHIP TURKEY APPLICATION ON HOLD SWITZERLAND

europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/negotiations/treaty_of_accession_2003/table_of_content_en.htm

THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

EU Specialized Agencies

36 Directorates-General (“DGs”) and Services Sole right to propose legislation “Guardian of the Treaties” Implements common policies 20 Commissioners (5 year terms) Romano Prodi Commission President

COLLEGIATE BODY - OPERATES BY CONSENSUS MEETS WEEKLY ON WEDNESDAY CURRENT COMPOSITION OF THE COMMISSON

europa.eu.int/comm/dgs_en.htm

626 Members popularly elected Seated by party affiliation, not country Co-decision with Council in many areas Adopts EU budget Meetings in Strasbourg and Brussels Pat Cox President of the European Parliament

European People’s Party (232) European Socialists (175) European Liberal, Democrat and Reform Party European United Left/Nordic Green Left (49) Greens/European Free Alliance (45) Union for Europe of the Nations (23) Europe of Democracies and Diversities (18) Non Attached (31)

PRESIDENT PLENARY SESSIONS Monthly PLENARY SESSIONS Monthly 17 STANDING COMMITTEES TEMPORARY COMMITTEES DELEGATIONS 17 STANDING COMMITTEES TEMPORARY COMMITTEES DELEGATIONS BUREAU Budget Staff BUREAU Budget Staff CONFERENCE OF PRESIDENTS Political Organization CONFERENCE OF PRESIDENTS Political Organization PARLIAMENT ORGANIZATION

Italy July – December 2003 Heads of State or Government of the Member States President of the European Commission Meets at least twice a year – June and December Sets broad policy and political guidelines for the Union

Decision-making body comprises 15 Member State ministers Composition changes by subject Rotating 6 month “Presidency” COREPER (Committee of Permanent Representatives) act as ambassadors to EU, based in Brussels Italy July – December 2003

ORGANIZED INTEREST REPRESENTATION: BUSINESS, LABOR, CONSUMERS, GENERAL PUBLIC 222 MEMBERS APPOINTED BY THE COUNCIL FOR FOUR YEAR TERMS RESPONSIBILITIES: OPINIONS ON LEGISLATION REFERRED TO IT OWN INITIATIVE OPINIONS EXPLORATORY OPINIONS ON COMMISSION REQUEST

SET UP BY MAASTRICHT TREATY 222 MEMBERS AND 222 ALTERNATES APPOINTED BY THE COUNCIL ADVISES ON EU LEGISATION AND ISSUES OWN OPINIONS RESPONSIBILITIES: AGRICULTURE REGIONAL POLICY AND SPATIAL PLANNING TRANSPORT SOCIAL POLICY AND EMPLOYMENT HEALTH AND CONSUMERS EDUCATION, YOUTH, SPORT

The European Court of Justice Interprets treaties and community law 15 Justices - 6 year terms Member State courts may request guidance Court of First Instance created

Three principal actors in the legislative process Council Commission Parliament Conciliation Committee

EUROPA: ACTIVITIES PAGE FOR THE ENVIRONMENT

europa.eu.int/geninfo/info/guide/dbsubject/index_en.htm

OFFICIAL JOURNAL: MAIN SCREEN

OFFICIAL JOURNAL: ANNUAL CHRONO LISTING

LEGISLATION: MAIN SCREEN

LEGISLATION: DIRECTORY OF LEGISLATION IN FORCE

LEGISLATION IN PREPARATION: MAIN SCREEN

CASE LAW: MAIN SCREEN

PARLIAMENTARY QUESTIONS: MAIN SCREEN

DOCUMENTS OF PUBLIC INTEREST: MAIN SCREEN

DOCUMENTS OF PUBLIC INTEREST: BY TYPE

DOCUMENTS OF PUBLIC INTEREST: CATEGORY

PREPARING FOR ENLARGEMENT: MAIN SCREEN

Eurostat Statistical Office of the European Communities Collects and harmonizes information from national statistical offices Numeric data available through vendors

EU LAWS & POLICIES

Research Guides Accessing European Union Information, EU Delegation – European Union Documents Research Guide, Princeton University – Guide to European Union Legal Research, Harvard University – /eu_legal_research.htm

EU Depository Libraries New Jersey –Princeton University New York City –NYU Law Library –NYPL, Science, Industry and Business Library New York State –SUNY Albany –SUNY Buffalo –Cornell University Pennsylvania –Univ. of Pennsylvania –Pennsylvania State Univ.

Facts to Remember Europa, EU Delegation, Official Journal of the European Union –On EurLex since January 1998 Research Guides EU Depository Libraries