Crater Lake, Oregon -589 m deep and possibly the clearest lake in the world, Transparency up to 90 m. Thermocline very deep for its size No rooted plants.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 6 Aquatic Biodiversity
Advertisements

Watershed Hydrology, a Hawaiian Prospective: Evapotranspiration Ali Fares, PhD Evaluation of Natural Resource Management, NREM 600 UHM-CTAHR-NREM.
Thermohaline circulation ●The concept of meridional overturning ●Deep water formation and property Antarctic Bottom Water North Atlantic Deep Water Antarctic.
Aquatic Ecosystems Water has the ability to hold a large amount of energy. Due to this characteristic large bodies of water will take longer to heat up.
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Assignment 2 -Lake Watersheds and morphometry Elkwater lake is a small lake situated near Cypress Hills Provincial Park. The watershed is mostly forested.
Aquatic Ecosystems Chapter 54. In general…  Aquatic ecosystems are classified primarily on abiotic factors: temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen,
World’s largest meromictic basin. Strongly stratified. Deep waters do not mix with the surface. Buoyant fresh water caps the surface. Fresh water from.
Cirque lakes in the rockies Glaciers in headwater valleys tend to scour out a bowl shaped basin and the excavated material forms a moraine at the lake.
Last time… Key questions 1.Why does air move? 2.Are movements of winds random across Earth’s surface, or do they follow regular patterns? 3.Implications.
Clines Cline means ‘rapid change in’ Thermocline is a rapid change in temperature Pycnocline is a rapid change in density.
Standing Water – lakes and ponds Lakes result from either barriers to drainage or when depressions (or excavations) form along a drainage system Majority.
Assignment 2 -Lake Watersheds and morphometry Elkwater lake is a small lake situated near Cypress Hills Provincial Park. The watershed is mostly forested.
The thermocline occurs deeper in large lakes because wind energy is transmitted to greater depths Wind energy increases with fetch In small lakes convection.
Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323)
Lecture 7: The Oceans (1) EarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdfEarthsClimate_Web_Chapter.pdf, p
Aquatic Ecology I.
The Structure of Aquatic Ecosystems Created by Dave Werner MATES.
Water is fundamental to life A human baby is 75% water Water is used in chemical reactions Water moves up 300’ tall plants Water regulates temperature.
N. Africa, SW Asia and C. Asia.  Most of the region is in an arid or semi-arid climate zone  There are some Mediterranean climate zones along coast.
1 Readings: Snucins & Gunn 2000 Lec 2: Light and Heat I. Light and Transparency II. Stratification:Vertical Temp. Gradients III. Circulation.
8.4 Landforms and Florida Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company 1.
LAKE ECOLOGY Unit 1: Module 2/3 Part 1- Introduction January 2004.
These notes are provided to help you pay attention IN class. If I notice poor attendance, fewer notes will begin to appear on these pages 1.
OCEAN STRATIFICATION. SURFACE AND DEPTH SALINITY VARIATIONS Surface variations – Varies with latitude Lowest at high latitudes Highest at tropics of Cancer.
15.1 Composition of Seawater.  The total amount of solid material dissolved in water  Mass of dissolved substances : Mass of the water sample  Shown.
Major Ecosystems of the World
Field Ecology 1. Aquatics 2. Forests & Grasslands 4. Soils3.Wildlife Populations.
Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323)
Chapter 3 Section 3.
1 Life in Water Chapter 3. 2 The Hydrologic Cycle Over 71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water:  Oceans contain 97%.  Polar ice caps and glaciers.
LAKE D.AREA (km 2 ) NPS loadings (kg/yr) sewage (kg/yr) precipitation (kg/yr) residential (kg/yr) Pload Int (kg/yr) cleared % Moose
Ocean Chemistry Goal: Describe salinity and factors that are affected by changes in salinity levels. Agenda: 1. Wrap up ‘Ocean Profile’ lab 2. Warm-up.
Properties of Ocean Water Chapter 17. How do we learn about the ocean floor? Echo sounding – sound waves are sent down from a ship, hit the ocean floor,
Twenty Questions. 20 Questions
Assessment of Vulnerability on the Aral See Basin NATALYA AGALTSEVA Research Hydrometeorological institute (NIGMI) Uzhydromet Uzbekistan.
CCNA1 v3 Module 1 v3 Ms. Schechter/Ms. Nevola JEOPARDY K. Martin Environmental Science.
 p and  surfaces are parallel =>  =  (p) Given a barotropic and hydrostatic conditions, is geostrophic current. For a barotropic flow, we have and.
Water Resources G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter 14 G. Tyler Miller’s Living in the Environment 13 th Edition Chapter.
The Water Cycle Mr. Lerchenfeldt.
CHAPTER 50 AN INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY AND THE BIOSPERE Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Section C1: Aquatic and.
Crater Lake, Oregon -589 m deep and possibly the clearest lake in the world, Transparency up to 90 m. Thermocline very deep for its size No rooted plants.
Ocean Water. The salt has seeped into the oceans by dissolving out of the rocks, and being carried down rivers into the ocean for millions of years. Salinity-
How Convection Currents Affect Weather and Climate.
Aquatic Ecosystems. Occupy largest part of biosphere Two major categories: Freshwater Marine.
Residence Time. 100 gallons1 gallon/min Residence Time of Water Ice caps: 10,000 to 200,000 years Deep groundwater: ,000 years Oceans:
Water in the Atmosphere. The Water Cycle A. Evaporation: Is the process by which water molecules in a liquid escape into air as water vapor. –Requires.
Do Now! #2 Draw the water cycle. Draw the water cycle. Describe the following terms: Describe the following terms: Evaporation: Evaporation: Condensation:
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Freshwater Ecosystems  Includes:  Rivers and streams  Lakes and ponds  Marshes and swamps  Represent.
The Hydrosphere and Biosphere
Water STUDY PLAN The Water Molecule The Water Molecule Water unusual Thermal Characteristics Water unusual Thermal Characteristics Water is a Powerful.
Aquatic Biomes Earth's Aquatic Biomes Aquatic biomes cover approximately three-fourths of the Earth's surface and are connected to terrestrial and other.
Hydrologic Losses - Evaporation Learning Objectives Be able to calculate Evaporation from a lake or reservoir using the following methods – Energy Balance.
Chapter 6-AQUATIC Biomes Major Ecosystems of the World
The Hydrosphere The hydrosphere includes all of the water on or near Earth’s surface. This includes water in the oceans, lakes, rivers, wetlands, polar.
Chapter 7 Major Ecosystems of the World
Ocean Currents & Climate
The Composition of Seawater
Ch 52: Intro to Ecology and the Biosphere
The Hydrosphere all of the water on or near the Earth’s surface.
Hydrology CIVL341.
Earth’s Fresh Water.
Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323)
Deep Circulation Changes in density cause ocean currents Cold Warm
Hydrology CIVL341 Introduction
Unit: Water and the Atmosphere
Engineering Hydrology (ECIV 4323)
The Hydrosphere and the Biosphere
Ecology Review.
Do Now! #2 Draw the water cycle. Describe the following terms:
Presentation transcript:

Crater Lake, Oregon -589 m deep and possibly the clearest lake in the world, Transparency up to 90 m. Thermocline very deep for its size No rooted plants. Mud doesn’t accumulate on the bottom till > 90 m depth Some of the most spectacular tectonic lakes are formed in volcanic craters. Why is this lake so different from most lakes?

Physical features of lakes that determine habitat characteristics inflow from the watershed/Catchment Water residence time Morphometry, Mean depth and volume Thermal stratification and physical mixing wind./currents/wave action Sediment deposition Light extinction

Assume runoff coefficient of 0.15 m Drainage area =7.9 km 2 Lake area =0.9 km 2 How much water would you expect flows into this lake /yr? How much water flows into lake Beauvais lake in a year from its watershed? Evaporation from lake surface exceeds precipitation by mm/yr How much water flows out of the lake?

Assume runoff coefficient of 0.15 m Drainage area =7.9 km 2 Lakearea =0.9 km 2 How much water would you expect flows into this lake /yr? P ─ E on lake surface = ─ m/yr Q i = r * DA = 0.15 m/yr * 7 x 10 6 m 2 = 1.05 x 10 6 m 3 /yr What is the net evaporation in a year? (P-E)*A = ─ m * lake area = ─ 0.085m/yr * 9 x 10 5 m 2 = x 10 4 m 3 /yr How much water flows out of the lake in a year? Q o = Q i + (P-E)*A = 1.05 x 10 6 m 3 /yr + (─ 7.65 x 10 4 m 3 /yr) = 9.75 x 10 5 m 3 /yr

Definition of water residence time and flushing rate Chapter 4

Lake Area = 0.9 km 2 Mean depth= 4.3 m Lake Volume = 3.8 x 10 6 m 3 Water residence time= Mean renewal rate=

Water residence time Mean flushing rate Lake Area = 0.9 km 2 Mean depth= 4.3 m Lake Volume = 3.8 x 10 6 m 3 Water residence time= Mean renewal rate=

How much of the water flowing into this lake from its watershed could you allocate for irrigation before the lake would gradually begin to disappear? Answer Over 92%

Lake management—the water inflow budget or what happens when you over allocate? The Aral Sea in the former Soviet Union—mismanaging the river water inflow Allocation to desert irrigation > inflow minus evaporation Fig. 5.19

. Effects Ecosystem collapse, loss of biodiversity, worsening of water-salt balance in the agricultural areas, pollution of rivers and drinking water, changing of the regional climate – all these are new environmental developments in Central Asia.

Calculating volume and mean depth Mean depth = Volume/surface area The hypsographic curve Area under the curve = volume Fig. 7.1 in text

The thermocline occurs deeper in large lakes because wind energy is transmitted to greater depths Wind energy increases with fetch In small lakes convection also plays a role in determining thermocline depth In deep lakes only the surface layers are well mixed and quite warm, whereas the deeper parts remain cold. Lakes partition themselves into temperature zones Thermal stratification in lakes Fig in text