Greenhouse Effect

Contents Atmosphere Atmosphere Atmosphere Key Terms Key Terms Key Terms Key Terms Gases Gases Gases Causes Causes Causes Effects Effects Effects

Atmosphere Exosphere Exosphere Exosphere Thermosphere Thermosphere Thermosphere Mesosphere Mesosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Stratosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Troposphere Troposphere

Troposphere Lowest portion of earth’s atmosphere Lowest portion of earth’s atmosphere 75% of the entire atmosphere mass 75% of the entire atmosphere mass - Water Vapor - Aerosols 0 km – 10 kmDepth ~ 10 km 0 km – 10 kmDepth ~ 10 km Warmer nearest earth Warmer nearest earthearth Colder the further you go Colder the further you go Travel Back to the Atmosphere Travel Back to the Atmosphere

Stratosphere Second layer of earth’s atmosphere Second layer of earth’s atmosphere 10 km – 50 kmDepth ~ 40 km 10 km – 50 kmDepth ~ 40 km Colder nearer the earth surface Colder nearer the earth surfaceearth Warmer the further into the atmosphere Warmer the further into the atmosphere Energy is transferred via heat absorption Energy is transferred via heat absorption by the ozone layer. by the ozone layer.ozone layer.ozone layer. Heating caused by conduction from Heating caused by conduction fromconduction above and convection from below. above and convection from below.convection Travel Back to the Atmosphere Travel Back to the Atmosphere

Mesosphere Middle layer of earth’s atmosphere Middle layer of earth’s atmosphere 50 km – 90 kmDepth ~ 40 km 50 km – 90 kmDepth ~ 40 km Warmer closer to earth’s surface Warmer closer to earth’s surfaceearth’s Colder the further you out you go Colder the further you out you go This is where meteors burn as they This is where meteors burn as they collide with gas particles collide with gas particles Most poorly understood part of the Most poorly understood part of the atmosphere atmosphere Travel back to the Atmosphere Travel back to the Atmosphere

Thermosphere 4 th layer of earth’s atmosphere 4 th layer of earth’s atmosphere 80 km – 500 km Depth ~ 420 km 80 km – 500 km Depth ~ 420 km Colder near earth’s surface Colder near earth’s surfaceearth’s Warmer as you go further into Warmer as you go further into thermosphere thermosphere This layer absorbs radiation which in This layer absorbs radiation which inradiation turn electrically charge particles. turn electrically charge particles. Travel back to the Atmosphere Travel back to the Atmosphere

Exosphere Outer layer of the atmosphere Outer layer of the atmosphere 500 km – 10,000 km Depth ~ 9,500 km 500 km – 10,000 km Depth ~ 9,500 km Only layer of atmosphere where gases can Only layer of atmosphere where gases can escape escape Main gases found here: Main gases found here: - Hydrogen Hydrogen - Helium Helium - Carbon Dioxide Carbon DioxideCarbon Dioxide Travel Back to the Atmosphere Travel Back to the Atmosphere

ThermosphereExosphere Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere

Key Terms Condensation - process by which gas or vapor changes into a liquid or solid Condensation - process by which gas or vapor changes into a liquid or solid Evaporation - the process by which a liquid changes into a gas Evaporation - the process by which a liquid changes into a gas Convection - upward movement of heat or other atmospheric properties within the atmosphere Convection - upward movement of heat or other atmospheric properties within the atmosphere Photosynthesis – the synthesis of complex organic materials from carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts using light as an energy source Photosynthesis – the synthesis of complex organic materials from carbon dioxide, water, and inorganic salts using light as an energy source Radiation – energy that is transmitted in the form of rays Radiation – energy that is transmitted in the form of rays Conduction – spontaneous transfer of energy through matter, from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature Conduction – spontaneous transfer of energy through matter, from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature

Gases CO 2 - Carbon Dioxide CO 2 - Carbon Dioxide CO 2 CO 2 MH 4 - Methane MH 4 - Methane O 2 – Oxygen Gas O 2 – Oxygen Gas O 3 - Ozone O 3 - Ozone N 2 – Nitrogen Gas N 2 – Nitrogen Gas Ar – Argon Gas Ar – Argon Gas H 2 – Hydrogen Gas H 2 – Hydrogen Gas He - Helium He - Helium

Increase in CO 2 Increased by the burning of fossil fuels- coal, oil, and gas Increased by the burning of fossil fuels- coal, oil, and gas Too much is harmful to our planet Too much is harmful to our planet Creates a cycle of Creates a cycle ofcycle Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide within our atmosphere within our atmosphere Contributes to the Contributes to the hole in the ozone hole in the ozonehole layer layerlayer

Carbon Dioxide Cycle

3-D Image of the Ozone Hole

Ozone Layer Three oxygen atoms bonded together Three oxygen atoms bonded together Forms a layer above earth that protects us from harmful UVA UVB rays Forms a layer above earth that protects us from harmful UVA UVB rays The ozone hole is a depletion of the ozone in the atmosphere. The ozone hole is a depletion of the ozone in the atmosphere.

What is causing thinning Ozone Hole? Cars Cars Factories Factories Pollution Pollution Pollution Deforestation Deforestation

Pollutants

Effects Climate change Climate change Harms animals’ habitats Harms animals’ habitats Decrease crop production Decrease crop production Flooding Flooding Drought Drought Hurricanes Hurricanes

QUIZ 1. What is the first atmospheric layer closest to earth? What is the first atmospheric layer closest to earth?What is the first atmospheric layer closest to earth? 2. What is the largest atmospheric layer? What is the largest atmospheric layer?What is the largest atmospheric layer? 3. Define a key term (condensation, evaporation, photosynthesis, radiation, conduction, convection) Define a key term (condensation, evaporation, photosynthesis, radiation, conduction, convection)Define a key term (condensation, evaporation, photosynthesis, radiation, conduction, convection) 4. What gas is CO 2 ? What gas is CO 2 ?What gas is CO 2 ? 5. What is one cause of an increase in CO 2 ? What is one cause of an increase in CO 2 ?What is one cause of an increase in CO 2 ? 6. Does CO 2 exist in oceans? Does CO 2 exist in oceans?Does CO 2 exist in oceans? 7. Which two layers of earth’s atmosphere does the ozone layer exist? Which two layers of earth’s atmosphere does the ozone layer exist?Which two layers of earth’s atmosphere does the ozone layer exist? 8. What are two things that are causing the thinning of the ozone? What are two things that are causing the thinning of the ozone?What are two things that are causing the thinning of the ozone? 9. What is an effect of Global Warming? What is an effect of Global Warming?What is an effect of Global Warming?