Expository Approach

Education philosophy Expository Approach Learning is perceived mainly as a transmission of knowledge from teachers to students through narration and flexible application of various media by teachers Emphasis is put on facts, concepts, rules, procedural skills and learning of theories Lessons mainly consist of narration and questioning by teachers Information technology acts as teaching aids

Role of teachers and students Expository Approach Role of Teachers Teachers act as presenters of knowledge and evaluators of learning accomplishment of students Role of students students are the receivers of knowledge, whose role is relatively passive

Learning Process Expository Approach 1. Introduction Teacher arouses the attention of the students by using various skills, and introduces the theme of learning 2. Theme Teaching Teacher explains the topic of study with the assistance of different teaching apparatus to improve students’ understanding towards the content being taught 3. Summary and Questioning Brief summaries will usually be presented after every teaching section. Teacher uses questioning throughout the lessons to test students’ understanding of the content taught and to enhance interaction of teachers and students during lessons 4. Summarization Finally, teacher summarizes the content taught in the lessons.

Information Technology Expository Approach Application of Information Technology Expository Approach As an effective and attractive demonstrating tool As an assisting teaching medium with integrated audio, video and internet information presenting functions As an assisting tool for teachers to assess and supervise learning progress of students.

Cases Expository Approach Lesson Video Clips Primary Four: Music Primary Six: Chinese Primary Four: Chinese Tutorial Secondary Six: Chemistry Secondary Five: Physics

Primary Six: Chinese Memorandum for books borrowing Teaching Goals Learning outcomes Lesson Outline Lesson Video Clips Requirement of equipment and technology Your Reflection

Teaching Goals Memorandum for books borrowing With a given text as an example, students are able to compose a notepaper

Learning outcome Memorandum for books borrowing students are able to present the content of the given text students are able to identify the format of notepapers students are able to compose a notepaper, and hand it in to the teacher via email

Lesson outline Memorandum for books borrowing 1. Revelation of topic Teacher uses PowerPoint to reveal the topic, and introduces the content of the text through questioning 2. Narration of Main Content - explanation of vocabulary Teacher explains meaning of vocabulary by using PowerPoint with photos and animation 3. Narration of Main Content - investigation of the text Teacher guides students to further study the the text by questioning and the answers are presented by PowerPoint

Lesson outline Memorandum for books borrowing 4. Narration of Main Content - format of memorandum Teacher uses a real example for students to identify formats of different parts of memorandum, and let students delete unnecessary content of the memorandum in the text 5. Summarization Teacher assign students to compose a memorandum by Word Processor and hand it in to the teacher via e-mail

Lesson Video Clips Memorandum for books borrowing

Requirement of equipment and technological competence Memorandum for books borrowing Venue: Classroom Number of student: 40 approximately Requirement of teachers’ technological competence: -Operation of PowerPoint -Operation of email Requirement of students’ technological competence: -Basic operation of computer -Operation of Word Processing software -Chinese input

Requirement of equipment and technological competence Memorandum for books borrowing Hardware: 1 computer for teacher use Software: PowerPoint World Wide Web Email Peripheral: Projector wall-mounted screen

Your reflection Memorandum for books borrowing 1. What are the roles of Information Technology in this lesson? 2. Are there any other types of arrangement or methods of electric communication can be used to enhance interactions among students, apart from requesting students to hand in their assignments via email?

Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation Teaching Goals Learning outcome Lesson Outline Lesson Video Clips Requirement of equipment and technology Your Reflection

Teaching Goals Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation Enable students’ understanding of dissociation of weak acids through teachers’ narration and illustration with examples

Learning outcome Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation Students are able to find out common ions in some solutions Students are able to calculate the pH value of some weak acids Students are able to calculate the degree of concentration of some weak acids

Lesson Outline Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation 1. Arousing learning motivation Teacher starts the lesson by assessing students’ existing knowledge through questioning 2. Narration of Main Content Introduction of related examples - Teacher uses PowerPoint in teaching, explains the definition of common ions and lists out related examples of dissociation of acids and alkalis, and put questions to students about related knowledge from time to time Demonstration of calculation - Teacher demonstrates the method to calculate the degree of concentration of a solution and its pH value with an example of dissociation Introduction of related web sites Teacher points out the existence of related information on the Internet, and introduces the method to use searching engines to obtain materials needed

Lesson Outline Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation 3. Class work Teachers distributes two sets of class work and let students work in groups of three to four to complete one of them 4. Students’ Presentation of the results of the assignment Group leaders present the results of the assignment they have completed, and use software to verify the answers. Teacher gives feedback to them. 5. Summarization of the lesson Teacher introduces the content of the next lesson by questioning and tell students to prepare lessons.

Lesson Video Clips Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation

Requirement of equipment and technological competence Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation Venue: Chemistry Laboratory Number of Students: 20 approximately Requirement of teachers’ technological competence: -Operation of PowerPoint -Operation of Searching Engine -Operation of the stemtec software Requirement of students’ technological competence: -Basic operation of computer Hardware: -1 computer with Internet access Software: - PowerPoint and stemtech software Peripheral: - Projector, wall-mounted screen

Your reflection Secondary Six: Chemistry - Dissociation 1. What kind of superiority has the utilization of Information Technology provided to this lesson? 2. If you are able to use software to teach this specific topic, what kind of software do you expect? 3. If you are able to use Information Technology to teach this specific topic, do you have other types of arrangement?

Primary Four: Music - Basic Music Knowledge Teaching Goals: Revision of basic music knowledge Learning outcomes: Students are able to identify different notes, sounds of different instruments and different rhythms Lesson Outline: Teacher starts the lesson in the form of a story, and then uses software to teach

Primary Four: Music - Basic Music Knowledge Venue: Classroom Number of students: 40 approximately Requirement of teachers’ technological competence: -Operation of software Hardware: 1 Notebook Software: Music software Peripheral: Projector

Lesson Video Clips Primary Four: Music - Basic Music Knowledge

Your Reflection Primary Four: Music - Basic Music Knowledge 1. Are the any differences between this lesson and traditional music lessons? 2. If you have to use Information Technology to teach this topic, do you have other suggestions?

Primary Four: Chinese Tutorial - expansion of sentences Teaching Goals: students are able to use nouns, adjectives, etc. to expand sentences Learning outcomes: Students are able to compose several sentences with nouns and adjectives added Learning Outline: Teacher reveals required materials by PowerPoint and guides students to provide answers. The special point of this lesson is the tactical usage of the whiteboard by the teacher as the screen to display the original sentences and the described situations, teacher instantly write the answers on the whiteboard and allows students’ discussion, this is a breakthrough for the common limitation of PowerPoint which cannot accept open-ended answers

Primary Four: Chinese Tutorial - expansion of sentences Venue: classroom Number of Students: 15 approximately Requirement of Teachers’ Technological Competence: Operation of PowerPoint Hardware: 1 Notebook Software: PowerPoint Peripheral: Projector, Whiteboard

Lesson Video Clips Primary Four: Chinese Tutorial - expansion of sentences

Your Reflection Primary Four: Chinese Tutorial - expansion of sentences Your Reflection 1. What is the role of Information Technology in this lesson? 2. What are the effects of the application of Information Technology on learning of students?

Secondary Five: Physics -Radioactive decay and nuclear power station Teaching Goals: To let student learn about the uses of radioactive elements Learning outcomes: Students are able to present the uses of radioactive elements, and to point out its pros and cons Learning Outline: Teacher uses some animation and questioning to let student understand the meaning of half life. Teacher then explains examples of calculating the half life of some elements, and asks students to complete in-class assignments, at the same time questioning students about the uses of radioactive elements, and ends the lessons with the introduction of a web resource.

Secondary Five: Physics -Radioactive decay and nuclear power station Venue: Physics Laboratory Number of students: 40 approximately Requirement of Teachers’ Technological Competence: -Operation of PowerPoint -Operation of searching engine and the application of scanner Hardware: 1 computer with Internet access Software: PowerPoint Peripheral: Projector and wall-mounted screen

Lesson video Clips Radioactive decay and nuclear power station

Your Reflection Radioactive decay and nuclear power station 1. What is the superiority brought by the application of Information Technology to this lesson? 2. How can teachers supervise students’ take home online assignments? 3. Will teachers facing the hectic Certificate Examination Syllabus and abundant preparation time for lessons (for instance, preparing PowerPoint) feel great pressure? And how can they cope with them?