Panel 5: Simulations and Training Go for Lunar Landing: From Terminal Descent to Touchdown March 5, Tempe, AZ Henry Hoeh Northrop Grumman Corporation Integrated System - Bethpage, NY

2 Apollo Lunar Module Design Evolution Proposal Design was a Starting Point for Additional Development Mockups, Simulations and Test Articles Helped Drive Design: Optimize Human Machine Interfaces (HMI) Optimize CONOPS Provide Crew Training Simulations: Validated GN&C Operational Performance Validated Crew Interaction with the GN&C Hardware/Software Provided Crew Mission Training Performed Stand-by Mission Support Performed Flight Anomaly Resolution Proposal Final Original LM Cabin with Seats

3 Apollo LM Mockups, Test Models, Test Articles, Sims & Flight Vehicles M-1 Controller tests TM-1 Interior TM-1 Lunar Access Tests LTA-8 Vacuum Test Flying Simulator 1/6 Descent Stage Landing Stability Drop Test Article M-5 Mobility Tests

4 Apollo LM Mockups, Test Models, Test Articles, Sims & Flight Vehicles (cont.)  6 Mockups (M)  15 Test Models (TM)  6+ Simulations (4+ Grumman,1+ NASA, 1+ Draper)  8 Lunar Module Test Articles (LTA)  5 LLRV/LLTVs LM Rendezvous & Docking Simulator NASA CSM & LM Simulators

5 Apollo Lunar Module Full Mission Engineering Simulator (FMES) Cockpit Mockup Flight Attitude Table Artist Paints Crater Details for Simulator Lunar Surface Optical Alignment of Lunar Surface Representations in Simulator

6 Apollo-era Outpost Concept Full-Scale Lunar Laboratory at Grumman Facility in Calverton, NY

7 Example of Modern Sim (& GN&C) Tech  F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) STOVL Config  Modern Design & Technology Implied to a Vertical Landing Vehicle  Simulators Very Representative of Flight Vehicle  GN&C Design Employs Dynamic Inversion & Multi-Variable Control  Not Suggesting the F-35 Be Used as a LLTV