Dennis McBride, Ph.D. The Washington Institute (253) Goal Driven Logic Models

Systems and Heaps A System Interconnecting parts function as a whole Changed or damaged if you add or remove pieces Arrangement is crucial Parts are connected and only work together Behavior depends on total structure. Change the structure and behavior changes. A Heap A collection of parts Essential properties unchanged if you add or remove pieces Arrangement is irrelevant Parts are not connected and can function separately Behavior (if any) depends on size, or number of pieces Adapted from CDC

What is a Program Logic Model?

Purpose of a Logic Model Describes the elements of a program Describes the chain of plausible linkages between those elements Show the sequence between program activities and expected outcomes

Logic Model A graphic representation that shows logical relationships between inputs, outputs and outcomes relative to a situation SITUATIONSITUATION INPUTSOUTCOMESOUTPUTS Adapted from UW Extension

Logic Model INPUTS Programmatic investments What we invest OUTPUTS ActivitiesParticipation What we do Who we reach OUTCOMES ShortMediumLong term What results Adapted from UW Extension

Participation OUTPUTS Activities OUTCOMES ShortMediumLong term INPUTS Programmatic investments EVALUATION PLANNING Adapted from UW Extension

STAFF MONEY TIME VOLUNTEERS PARTNERS EQUIPMENT INPUTS Adapted from UW Extension

PARTICIPATION Participants Clients Customers Users Consumers ACTIVITIES Service Delivery Workshops Counseling Facilitation Curriculum design Trainings Conferences OUTPUTS What we do Who we reach Adapted from UW Extension

LONG-TERM Conditions Human Economic Civic Environment MEDIUM Action Behavior Practice Decisions Policies Social action SHORT Learning Awareness Knowledge Attitudes Skills Opinion Aspirations Motivation OUTCOMES What results for individuals, businesses, communities..… Adapted from UW Extension

Problem/ Issue

Definitions Problem /Issue A condition that requires action (e.g., social or health). Goal A statement of an ideal or hoped for state or condition. It is usually general and abstract. Objectives Statements of specific, achievable, and measurable desired accomplishments of a program that are derived from the goal.

Definitions: Objectives Outcome Objectives Statements that specify the desirable results of an intervention. Process Objectives Statements that identify the steps to be taken (activities/interventions) toward accomplishing a desired end (outcome). Examples are service delivery, recruitment, instruction, referral.

S pecific M easurable A chievable R elated to the goal T ime Limited

Definitions: Process Inputs are resources a program uses to achieve program objectives. Activities are what a program does with its inputs-the services it provides-to fulfill its mission. Outputs are the products of program activities and are measured in terms of what was done, how it was done, and who received it.

Definitions: Outcomes Outcomes Benefits or changes for individual or populations during or after participation in program activities. They are influenced by a program’s outputs. Short-term Example: an increase in intention to use condoms due to a sex education intervention. Intermediate Outcomes Example: an increase in condom use due to a sex education intervention. Long-term OutcomesExample: a decrease in STD rates due to a sex education intervention.

OUTCOME LINKAGE EXAMPLE Teen Parenting Program 1 Coordinated Case Management Increased Services (Output) Decrease in Repeat Pregnancies (Intermediate) Increased Financial Independence (LongTerm)

OUTCOME LINKAGE EXAMPLE Pregnancy/STD Prevention Program 2 Small group sessions /advocacy /referral (Process) Increase knowledge/ decrease sexual activity intent, increase intent to use contraceptives (Short Term Outcome) Decrease in Sexual Activity and/or Increase in Effective Contraceptive Use Decrease in Pregnancy Rates/STDs (Long Term Outcome) (Intermediate Outcome)

Developing a Logic Model Identify the problem or issue that the program will address Identify the ultimate goal of the program in addressing the problem The objectives lead to the conduct of a variety of activities (intervention, training, service delivery) Each activity is assumed to result in short-term outcomes The short-term outcomes lead to intermediate outcomes The intermediate outcomes lead to long-term outcomes Long-term outcomes should have an impact on the ultimate program goal

Problem/Issue The adolescent pregnancy rate and STI/STD rate in Washington State is increasing. A needs assessment points to pockets of “high risk” youth years of age that are especially vulnerable and are accounting for a disproportionate share of these rates. The Department of Health wants to address this issue by funding “client focused” prevention interventions targeting these populations in the state. A RFP is sent out and your team will respond. Develop a simple logic model that “maps” your response.

GoalOutcome Objectives Intervention (Process) Short-term Outcomes Intermediate Outcomes Long-term Outcomes A statement of an ideal or hoped for state or condition. It is usually general and abstract. Statements that specify the desirable results of an intervention that are derived from the goal. Statements that identify the steps to be taken toward accomplishing a desired end (outcome). Inputs Activities Interventions Outputs Outputs are the products of program activities and are measured in terms of what was done, how it was done, and who received it. Short term benefits or changes for participants that are influenced by a program’s outputs. (e.g., Knowledge, Attitudes, Intention) Intermediate benefits or changes for participants that are influenced by a program’s outputs and follow short term outcomes. (e.g., Behavior). Long term benefits or changes for participants that are influenced by a program’s outputs, follow intermediat e outcomes and impact the target population. Logic Model: Client Centered Program

Exercise Identify: 1.Goal 2.Outcome Objectives 3.Inputs/Activities/Intervention 4.Outputs 5.Short Term Outcomes 6.Intermediate Term Outcomes 7.Long term Term Outcomes

Goal To improve the social and health well being of teens by delaying sexual intercourse and/or reducing risks for early pregnancy/STDs