QUIZ 1. The main part or foundation of a word 2. The plane that separates the front from the back. 3. Tissues combine to form these 4. Suffix meaning inflammation 5. The transverse plane separates the _____ from the ________.

6. Tonsillitis 7. Leukemia 8. Cephalgia 9. Dental 10. Postmortem

Integumentary System MEDL 2350 March 3, 2003

What is the Integument? The INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM includes all the structures and tissues related to the skin. The INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM includes all the structures and tissues related to the skin. This includes: This includes: 1. skin 1. skin a. Epidermis a. Epidermis b. Dermis b. Dermis 2. accessory organs 2. accessory organs a. Hair a. Hair b. Nails b. Nails c. Glands c. Glands

The skin covers the entire body and provides protection against injuries, infection, and toxic compounds. The system contains many nerve endings that act as RECEPTORS for pain, temperature, touch, and pressure.

Anatomy of the Skin Upper layer of skin is called EPIDERMIS Upper layer of skin is called EPIDERMIS EPI- means on top of EPI- means on top of DERMIS means skin DERMIS means skin The lower layer of skin is called the DERMIS. The lower layer of skin is called the DERMIS.

The Epidermis Is multilayered. Contains is superficial layer of dead skin cells called STRATUM CORNEUM. The stratum corneum is composed of cells called KERATIN. Is AVASCULAR (no blood vessels) Has no nerve tissue (can’t feel pain)

The Dermis Has two distinct layers: Has two distinct layers: 1. Papillary Layer (more superficial) 1. Papillary Layer (more superficial) 2. Reticular Layer (deeper) 2. Reticular Layer (deeper) Accessory organs begin the dermis. Accessory organs begin the dermis. Some of the accessory organs end or cross into the epidermis. Some of the accessory organs end or cross into the epidermis. The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve tissue. The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve tissue.

Subcutaneous Fat and Superficial Fascia The SubQ fat is found deep to the dermis. It contains the larger blood vessels of the skin. It is composed of adipose (fat) tissue, a form of connective tissue. Deep to the subQ layer is the fascial layer that covers the muscles beneath.

Combining Forms Adip/oLip/oSteat/o All mean FAT

Adip/osisLip/oidSteat/oma Abnormal condition of fat Resembling fat Tumor of fat

Cutane/oDermat/oDerm/o skin

SubcutaneousDermatologyhypodermic Pertaining to under the skin Study of the skin Pertaining to under the skin

Hidro/o sweat Anhidrosis - abnormal condition of sweat Kerat/o horny tissue keratosis- - abnormal condition of hard tissue Myc/o fungus Onychomycosis – abnormal condition of fungal toenails

Onych/o Onychomalacia softenting of nails

Pil/oTrich/o Hair A Pilonidal cyst Is a cyst that pertains to a nest of hair Trichopathy Is a disease of the hair

Xer/o Means dry xeroderma means dry skin

derm / o / tome derm / o / tome An instrument to cut skin

Remember, the dermis contains the hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands (oil glands)

The term “diaphoresis” is meant to denote excessive sweating. The combining form for sweat is hidr/o hidr/o

Don’t get confused!!! Hidr/o means sweat Hydr/o means water

Hidrosis is an abnormal condition of sweat that causes blistering and peeling of the palms and soles. Anhidrosis is an abnormal condition of diminished or absent sweat.

A hidradenoma is a tumor of the sweat gland.

Recall, the dermis is attached to the underlying structures of the skin by subcutaneous tissue. The subcutaneous tissue forms lip/o/cytes, or fat cells.

A suction lipectomy is the removal of the subcutaneous fat tissue using a blunt-tipped cannula (tube) introduced into the fatty area through a small incision. Suction is then applied and fat tissue is removed.

Dermat/o/scler/osis skin hardening Disease Therefore, dermatosclerosis is literally translated as a disease that results in the hardening of the skin. Also known as scleroderma, this disease is an autoimmune disease that results in scarring of the vital organs resulting in death.

The oil secreting glands of the skin are called the SEBACEOUS GLANDS. The oil secreting glands of the skin are called the SEBACEOUS GLANDS. The sweat glands are known as SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS. The sweat glands are known as SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS.

Mycodermatitis inflammation skin fungus A mycodermatitis is an inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a fungus. A common example of this is ATHLETE’S FOOT or TINEA PEDIS.

Test Yourself XerophagiaTichomycosisAdipoceleDermatoplasty Condition of eating only dry foods A fungal disease of the hair A hernia of fat cells Plastic surgery of the skin

More Combining Forms of Color Cyan/o Blue Erythr/o Red Melan/o Black Xanth/o Yellow Leuk/o white

The pigment that causes skin coloration is MELANIN Melanosis is the abnormal condition of black. A melanoma is a tumor of black pigment.

A person with bluish discoloration of the skin exhibits Cyanosis or cyanoderma

A BASAL CELL CARCINOMA is a type of skin cancer that affects the basal skin layer of the epidermis. A BASAL CELL CARCINOMA is a type of skin cancer that affects the basal skin layer of the epidermis. A MELANOMA is characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, and lack of a uniform coloration. A MELANOMA is characterized by asymmetry, irregular borders, and lack of a uniform coloration. A DECUBITUS ULCER is a bedsore that penetrates both epidermis and dermis. A DECUBITUS ULCER is a bedsore that penetrates both epidermis and dermis. SOME DISEASE SPECIFICS

PSORIASIS is a chronic disease that is characterized by red lesions covered by silvery scales. ABRASIONS are scrapes ALOPECIA is an absence or loss of hair. CONTUSION is a collection of dried blood beneath the skin. Commonly called bruises.

CYSTs are closed sacs containing fluid or solid material. ECCHYMOSIS is discoloration of the skin due to a bruise. ECZEMA is an inflammatory skin disease with red, itchy skin. Sometimes has associated blisters (bullae)

FISSURE is a crack in the skin. Usually associated with dry, scaly skin. HIRSUTISM is a condition characterized by excessive hair growth. IMPETIGO is an inflammatory skin disease with isolated pustules that rupture. LACERATION is a tearing of the skin. Irregular borders.

MACULEs are flat, discolored lesions. NODULEs are palpable lesions larger than a macule. Usually between 1-2 cm PAPULEs are solid elevated lesions