Manufacturing & Industrial Location Theory – Chapter 10 Questions – Assignment 2? Questions – Assignment 2? 3 lectures left! 3 lectures left! Chapter 11 Reading Guide: Chapter 11 Reading Guide: –High Technology –Cycle Theory –Fordism-Flexible Specialization Agriculture Agriculture –Trends –Eras –Von Thünen and Location theory

High Technology High technology is New technology High technology is New technology –Semi-conductors, software engineering biotechnology, new materials –Complementary role of services –Outsourcing Metropolitan centres retain competitive advantage for high tech mfg. Metropolitan centres retain competitive advantage for high tech mfg.

Cycle Theory Regions (Chap 11) Regions (Chap 11) Products (Chap 10) Products (Chap 10) Biological development metaphors Biological development metaphors –Youth –Maturity –Old age

From Fordism to Post-Fordism & Flexible Specialization Fordism Fordism –Mass production & economies of scale –Assembly line –Specialized Post-Fordism Post-Fordism –Economies of scope –Constellations of small firms –Networks –Flexible specialization  Rapid switching among products  Multi-purpose machines and workers  New industrial districts

Agriculture Rural-Urban contrast Rural-Urban contrast Population: Population: ~ 20% rural population ~ 20% rural population ~ 15% rural, non-farm~ 15% rural, non-farm < 5% rural farm< 5% rural farm Labour force: Labour force: 3.1% in agriculture3.1% in agriculture Rapid gains in productivity Rapid gains in productivity

Capital intensive agriculture

Structural Change in Cattle Production: The Big X Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture

Focus on Two Regions and a Single Class of Cattle Statistics Canada, Census of Agriculture

Agriculture and Policy: Why does agriculture have such a huge role on the policy agenda? Strategic importance Strategic importance Urban dependenceUrban dependence Supply volatility Supply volatility Weather/disease/pestsWeather/disease/pests Capital intensiveCapital intensive Demand volatility Demand volatility TradeTrade Preferences/technology changePreferences/technology change Commodity prices Commodity prices Close links to many other sectors Close links to many other sectors

1 st Agricultural Revolution Paleolithic Paleolithic Hunting/fishing/gatheringHunting/fishing/gathering Neolithic Revolution BP Neolithic Revolution BP CultivationCultivation DomesticationDomestication Social surplus Social surplus UrbanizationUrbanization Division of labourDivision of labour Written languageWritten language StateState Agrarian civilization Agrarian civilization

2 nd Agricultural Revolution c break down of feudalism and common field systems linked with industrial revolution and increasing population pressure and urban growth use of fertilizer, crop rotation and mechanization use of legumes to restore soil nitrogen improved breeding plants & livestock gradual rural depopulation mechanization

3 rd Agricultural Revolution c collectivisation in the Soviet Union Sovkhoz: state farms really huge grain and meat factories Mechanization via internal combustion Chemical fertilizers/herbicides/ Pesticides/Pharmaceuticals Biotechnology

Ecumene Settled area of earth’s surface Settled area of earth’s surface Arable land and some pasture Arable land and some pasture Agriculture is geographically dispersed Agriculture is geographically dispersed Extensive land use relative to most others Extensive land use relative to most others Intensity of land use: Intensity of land use: Labour to land ratio (person hours/acre)Labour to land ratio (person hours/acre) Capital to land ratio ($/acre)Capital to land ratio ($/acre)