Euripides’ Phœnissæ
Phœnissæ –Important Names Iocasta Creon Polynices Eteocles Antigone Teiresias Menœceus –Date: ca. 409 B.C. –Recent commentary by Donald J. Mastronarde –Probably part of a trilogy. The titles of the other plays are disputed. –There are almost certainly later interpolations. The precise lines interpolated are disputed.
Plot Summary –I. Prologue by Iocasta (1-87) A. History of Cadmus’ line (1-9) B. Her name (10-13) C. The tragedy of the house so far (14-80) –1. The birth of Œdipus (13-31) –2. The murder of Laïus (31-44) –3. The riddle of the sphinx and Œdipus’ resulting marriage and children (45-58) –4. Œdipus’ downfall (59-69) –5. Eteocles and Polynices (70-80) D. The truce (81-87)
Plot Summary (cont.) –II. Dialogue between Antigone and the pedagogue (Teichoscopia) (88-201) A. Pedagogue’s opening speech (88-102) B. The “Seven Against Thebes” ( ) –1. Hippomedon ( ) –2. Tydeus ( ) –3. Parthenopæus ( ) –4. Polynices and Adrastus ( ) –5. Amphiaraus ( ) –6. Capaneus ( ) C. Pedagogue’s closing speech ( )
Plot Summary (cont.) –III. Parodos ( ) A. Self-description ( ) B. The impending battle ( ) –IV. Dialogue between Iocasta, Polynices, and Eteocles ( ) A. Dialogue between Polynices and the chorus ( ) B. Dialogue between Polynices and Iocaste ( )
Plot Summary (cont.) –1. Iocaste’s speech ( ) »a. Her joy ( ) »b. Her grief ( ) »c. Œdipus’ grief ( ) »d. Polynices’ marriage ( ) »e. Conclusion ( ) –2. Polynices’ speech ( ) »a. His love of Thebes ( ) »b. He asks about his family ( ) –3. Dialogue ( ) »a. Polynices’ wandering ( ) »b. His alliance to Adrastus and Tydeus ( ) »c. The attack against Thebes ( )
Plot Summary (cont.) C. Dialogue between all three ( ) –1. Iocasta opens the debate ( ) –2. Polynices’ argument ( ) –3. Eteocles’ argument ( ) –4. Iocasta tries again ( ) –5. Stichomythia ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) –1. Iocaste’s speech ( ) »a. Her joy ( ) »b. Her grief ( ) »c. Œdipus’ grief ( ) »d. Polynices’ marriage ( ) »e. Conclusion ( ) –2. Polynices’ speech ( ) »a. His love of Thebes ( ) »b. He asks about his family ( ) –3. Dialogue ( ) »a. Polynices’ wandering ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) »b. His alliance to Adrastus and Tydeus ( ) »c. The attack against Thebes ( ) C. Dialogue between all three ( ) –1. Iocasta opens the debate ( ) –2. Polynices’ argument ( ) –3. Eteocles’ argument ( ) –4. Iocasta tries again ( ) –5. Stichomythia ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) –V. First Stasimon ( ) A. Strophe: Cadmus, Dionysius ( ) B. Antistrophe: the dragon; the Sparti ( ) C. Epode: appeal to Epaphus ( ) –VI. Dialogue between Eteocles and Creon ( ) A. C enters ( ) B. Introductory material ( ) C. War is imminent ( ) D. They discuss strategy ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) E. E’s three requests ( ) –1. Marry Hæmon to Antigone ( ) –2. Consult Teiresias ( ) –3. Forbid Polyneices’ burial ( ) –VII. Second Stasimon ( ) A. Strophe: Ares (present) ( ) B. Antistrophe: Cithæron (past) ( ) C. Epode: Gæa (distant past) ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) –VIII. Dialogue between Creon and Teiresias ( ) A. T led in by his daughter and Menœcius ( ) B. C’s question ( ) C. T delays ( –1. On Œdipus ( ) –2. On Eteocles, Polynices, and Thebes ( ) –3. T reluctant to reveal the cure ( ) –4. C forces him to speak ( ) D. Menœcius must die ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) E. C refuses ( ) F. T explains the reason ( ) G. C chooses his son over his city ( ) –IX. Menœcius’ self-sacrifice ( ) A. Creon urges M to flee ( ) B. M agrees until C leaves ( ) C. M will kill himself to save Thebes ( ) –X. Third Stasimon ( ) A. Strophe: the Sphinx ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) B. Antistrophe: the house of Cadmus ( ) –XI. Messenger speech ( ) A. Eteocles’ attendant (1212) summons Iocaste ( ) B. E and P are still alive; M is dead ( ) C. The seven part 2; cf ( ) D. Battle description ( ) E. Reluctant messenger tells of the arrangement for single combat between the brothers ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) F. He urges Iocaste to go to the battle and stop them ( ) G. Iocaste and Antigone go ( ) –XII. Fourth Stasimon: a dirge ( ) –XIII. Messenger speech ( ) A. Creon mourns Menœcius ( ) B. Messenger: the brothers are dead ( ) C. Messenger: Iocaste is dead ( ) D. Messenger speech part 1: the death of the brothers ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) E. Messenger speech part 2: the death of Iocaste and the Theban victory ( ) –XIV. Kommos ( ) A. Antigone mourns ( ) B. Œdipus learns what has happened ( ) –XV. Dialogue between Creon, Antigone, and Œdipus ( ) C. Œdipus exiled by Creon ( ) D. Œdipus mourns ( ) E. Creon forbids Polynices’ burial ( )
Phœnissæ Plot Summary (cont.) F. Antigone argues with Creon ( ) –1. She will bury Polynices ( ) –2. She will not marry Hæmon ( ) –3. She will go with Œdipus ( ) G. Œdipus tells of his fated end ( ) H. Œdipus and Antigone depart, mourning ( ) I. Choral coda ( )