RACE, CLASS, AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE (part 2) LATI 50 Introduction to Latin America

ABOUT THE MIDTERM (i) Coverage: Weeks 1-5 Grade share: 33% (without optional paper) Format: closed-book exam (no electronic devices) Date: Thursday, February 17 (in class) Duration: 80 minutes (3:30-4:50 pm) Bring blue books and writing materials

ABOUT THE MIDTERM (ii) Readings: – Modern Latin America, introduction + chapters 1-5, 7-10, – MLA website, Documents 3, 6, 10, 14 – García Márquez, Chronicle of a Death Foretold Videos: – “Garden of the Forking Paths” – “Fire in the Mind” Class Notes: – Lectures 1-10

STUDY GUIDE (a) Identify and state the significance of: – Santiago Nasar – Bayardo San Román – Francisco Madero – Evita Perón – The “boom” – ISI – César Augusto Sandino – Mestizaje – Platt Amendment – NAFTA – Bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes – Augusto Pinochet

STUDY GUIDE (b) Compare the Spanish American path to independence with that of Brazil. What difference did it make? How does Chronicle of a Death Foretold exemplify the phenomenon of “magical realism”? Compare the Mexican Revolution with the Cuban Revolution. Compare economic strategies in Chile and Argentina. Describe Latin America’s patterns of democratization during the course of the twentieth century. What are the implications of these trends?

CLASS STRUCTURE Upper Class: – Urban (industrialists, bankers) – Rural (landowners) Middle Class: – Urban (merchants, lawyers, etc.) – Rural (small farmers) Popular/Lower Class: – Urban (workers) – Rural (peasants, campesinos) National Institutions: – State (including military) – Church External Sector: – Economic (investors, merchants) – Political (foreign governments)

SHADINGS BY RACE Race as a social construct Indigenous peoples: exploitation and discrimination African-origin peoples and slavery Myths of miscegenation: – Mestizaje – Mulattos and Brazilian “escape hatch”

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti A “plantation society” (sugar and slaves) U.S. military occupation Rafael Leónidas Trujillo in power 1965U.S. military intervention Joaquín Balaguer in power 1978-electoral democracy

THE QUESTION OF RACE ¾ population of mixed African-European descent Cultural and social stratification: white > black Antagonism with Haiti (occupation ), uncertainty over identity Trujillo cult of hispanidad, defining Dominicans as “the most Spanish people of America” 1992 celebration of “discovery and evangelization of America” Reassessment of African legacy?