ICEBERG: From POTS to PANS Anthony D. Joseph Randy H. Katz UC Berkeley IBM Summit January 7, Cellular “Core” Network Bridge to the Future S. S. 7

It’s the Services, Stupid! “Today, the telecommunications sector is beginning to reshape itself, from a vertically to a horizontally structured industry. … [I]t used to be that new capabilities were driven primarily by the carriers. Now, they are beginning to be driven by the users. … There’s a universe of people out there who have a much better idea than we do of what key applications are, so why not give those folks the opportunity to realize them. … The smarts have to be buried in the ‘middleware’ of the network, but that is going to change as more-capable user equipment is distributed throughout the network. When it does, the economics of this industry may also change.” George Heilmeier, Chairman Emeritus, Bellcore “From POTS to PANS: Telecommunications in Transition”

Important Trends Multimedia / Voice over IP networks –Lower cost, more flexible packet-switching core network –Simultaneous delay sensitive and delay insensitive flows (RSVP, Class-based Queuing, Link Scheduling) Intelligence shifts to the network edges –User-implemented functionality Programmable intelligence inside the network –Proxy servers intermixed with switching infrastructure –TACC model & Java code: “write once, run anywhere” –Rapid new service development –Speech-based services Implications for cellular network infrastructure of the 21st century? –High BW data (384 Kb/s-2 Mb/s): Reliable Link Protocols

ICEBERG: Internet-based core for CEllular networks BEyond the thiRd Generation The Challenge –Developing service intensive, network-based, real-time applications –Securely embedding computational resources in the switching fabric –Providing an open, extensible network environment: heterogeneity Computing –Encapsulating legacy servers and partitioning “thin” client functionality –Scalability: 100,000s of simultaneous users in the SF Bay Area High BW IP backbones plus diverse access networks –Different coverage, bandwidth, latency, and cost characteristics –Third generation cellular systems: UMTS/IMT2000 –Next generation wireless LANs: Bluetooth –Home networking: DSL / Cable modem

ICEBERG Project Goals Demonstrate ease of new service deployment –Packet voice for computer-telephony integration –Speech- and location-enabled applications –Complete interoperation of speech, text, fax/image across the four P’s: PDAs, pads, pagers, phones) –Mobility and generalized routing redirection Demonstrate new system architecture to support innovative applications –Personal Information Management »Universal In-box: , news, fax, voice mail »Notification redirection: e.g., , pager –Home networking and control of “smart” spaces, sensor/actuator integration »Build on experience with A/V equipped rooms in Soda Hall

ICEBERG Project Goals Understand the implications for cellular network design based on IP technology –Cellular / IP interworking functionality –IP network provisioning for scalability –“Soft” QoS for delay-sensitive flows –Multinetwork mobility and security support Understand how to –Encapsulate existing applications services like speech-to-text –Deploy and manage such computationally intensive services in the network –Integrate other kinds of services, like mobility and redirection, inside the network

Project Approach Understanding three key research areas –Cellular / IP integration » Mobility Management –Wireless link management »Packet Scheduling in GPRS and W-CDMA »Reliable Link Protocols –Proxy- and Multicast-Enabled Services »Speech / Information dissemination ProActive Infrastructure: NINJA –Computing resources spread among switching infrastructure –Computationally intensive services: e.g., voice-to-text –Service and server discovery –Security, authentication, and billing

Computing and Communications Platform: Millennium/NOW Distributed Computing Services: NINJA Active Services Architecture MASH Media Processing Services Distributed Videoconferencing & Room-scale Collaboration TranSend Extensible Proxy Services ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services Speech and Location Aware Applications Internet-Scale Systems Research Group ICEBERG Computer-Telephony Services Speech and Location Aware Applications Personal Information Management and “Smart Spaces”

Transparent Information Access Policy-based Location-based Activity-based Speech-to-Text Speech-to-Voice Attached- Call-to-Pager/ Notification -to-Speech All compositions of the above! Universal In-box

Cellular / IP Integration Integrating a GSM BTS with an IP core network –Mapping IP signaling to SS7 radio management –Call admission and handoff Mobility management interworking –Mobile IP uses home agent / foreign agent –GSM uses Home Location Register / Visiting Location Register –Handoff between Mobile IP and GSM networks –Scalability, security of Mobile IP? Generalized redirection agents –User- or service-specified dynamic policy-based redirection »1-800 service, to pagers, etc. –Service mobility as a first class object

GSM BTS-IP Integration RBS 2202 UPSim Ethernet IP-PAD Traffic Signaling E1 Control Signaling GSM Phone E1: 13kb/s 12kb/s VAT Internet PC Interactive Voice Response Infocaster H.323 GW NetMeeting Uses OM & TRAFFIC to simulate BSC, MSC, and HLR functionality PSTN 2 TRX GPC board Thor-2 Performs rate adaptation function of ZAK/TRAU

Potentially Any Network Service (PANS) 2-way Paging WIP GSM/ CDMA PSTN IP Iceberg Access Points (More than gateways) Provide policy engine Handle routing, security IAP Same service in different networks Service handoff between networks E.g., “follow me” service E.g., any-to-any service High BW IP core Diverse access links

OfficePSTN (Teaching): OfficePSTN (Chair): DeskIP: dreadnaught.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: polo.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: Cellular: Home: OfficePSTN (Teaching): OfficePSTN (Chair): DeskIP: dreadnaught.cs.berkeley.edu:555 LaptopIP: polo.cs.berkeley.edu:555 PCS: Cellular: Home: An Entity has a universal name and a profile; Entities are people or processes Universal Names: Globally unique IDs Profile: set of domain-specific names Service Mobility as a First-Class Object

Wireless Link Management Modeling GSM media access, link, routing, and transport layers –Validated ns modeling suite and BONES simulator –GSM channel error models from Ericsson QoS and link scheduling for next generation links –High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD), General Packet Radio System (GPRS), and Wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) –RSVP signaling integration with bottleneck link scheduling Reliable Link Protocols –Wireless links have high error rates (> 1%) –Reliable transport protocols (TCP) interpret errors as congestion –Solution is ARQ protocol, but retransmissions introduce jitter

New Services Encapsulating complex data transformations –Speech-to-text, text-to-speech Composition of services –Voice mail-to- , -to-voice mail Location-aware information services –E.g., traffic reports Multicast-enabled information services –Multilayered multicast: increasing level of detail as number of subscribed layers increase

Simulated Ninja Environment Speech is the ubiquitous access method –Access from millions of phones (analog to digital cellular) Simja Server Service Entity Room Control Entity Barbara Entity Emre Room (MASH) UDP RMI Gateway Cell Phone IP-Pad (BTS) RTP

Interactive Voice Response to A/V Devices Application First application: Controlling A/V devices Next application: Personal Information Mgmt (PIM) Room Entity Text to Command ICSI Speech Recognizer Microphone Cell phone A/V Devices Response to Client Path Audio TextCmd

Conclusions and Status IP-based backbone for cellular networks –Mobility and service interoperability in the context of diverse access networks –Performance issues: GPRS scheduling and IP scaling for mobile telephony applications –New services: Smart Spaces and PIM Large-scale testbed deployment is progressing –Automatic path creation –Service handoff: Passing metadata across/through networks –IVR: More applications and devices (WindowsCE) –Service location and discovery –RLP implementation in IP-PAD