FATES-COMARC 1 Riverine transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from Kaoping River (Taiwan) to coastal ocean Chon-Lin Lee 1 *, Bing-Sian Lin 1, and James T. Liu 2 1 Department of Marine Environment and Engineering 2 Institute of Marine Geology and Chemistry National Sun Yat-sen University
FATES-COMARC 2 Introduction What are Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)? Hydrophobic Organic Compounds (HOC) Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
FATES-COMARC 3 Naphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Fluorene Anthracene Phenanthrene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Dibenz(a,h)anthracene Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pryene Ring structure of PAHs
FATES-COMARC 4 Introduction Suspect carcinogens Endocrine disruptors Bioaccumulation Source identification Why PAHs?
FATES-COMARC 5 Petrogenic sources Oil spill Industrial waste PAHs in environment Pyrogenic sources Industrial emission Vehicles emission Open-burning emission Diagenetic source Diagenesis of biogenic precursors Retene Perylene
FATES-COMARC 6 Source identification Phenanthrene Fluorene Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Anthracene Acenaphthene Pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene Fluoranthene Chrysene Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pryene Benzo(a)anthracene Alkyl- phenanthrenes CH 3 Naphthalene
FATES-COMARC 7 PC3 vs PC4 Oil source Gasoline vehicle source Down- canyon heading samples Up-canyon heading sample UpcanyonUpcanyon Down-canyonDown-canyon T4KP M-D Fang, W-K Chang, C-L Lee, James T. Liu, 2009, J. Mar. Syst. (76)
FATES-COMARC 8 PCA score plot – PC1 versus PC2 M-D Fang, W-K Chang, C-L Lee, James T. Liu, 2009, J. Mar. Syst. (76)
FATES-COMARC 9 Fate of anthropogenic HOCs and fluvial particles? N. Shelf S. Shelf Canyon Outer Shelf
FATES-COMARC 10 Objectives To estimate the annual fluvial discharges of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and particulate organic carbons from Gaoping River To deploy PAH diagnostic ratios and statistical tools (e.g. principal component analysis) for source recognition
FATES-COMARC 11 Sampling Map From : To : NOV 06 NOV 07
FATES-COMARC 12 Methods (1) Soxhlet extraction (2) liquid-liquid extraction (3) rotary evaporation (4) Clean up (5) GC-MS M-D Fang, F-C Ko, J. E. Baker, C-L Lee, 2008, Sci. Total Environ. (407)
FATES-COMARC 13 PAH concentrations (ng/L)
FATES-COMARC 14 Particulate PAHs(ng/L) VS TSP
FATES-COMARC 15 Particulate PAHs(ng/g) VS POC R=0.584
FATES-COMARC 16 Source Identification Petrogenic Pyrogenic
FATES-COMARC 17 Dry season Wet season Sampling Precipitation May 07
FATES-COMARC 18 PC1 score plot PC1 scores Pyrogenic source Petrogenic source M-D Fang, P-C Hsieh, F-C Ko, J. E. Baker, C-L Lee, 2007, Mar. Pollut. Bull. (54), & J-J Jiang, C-L Lee, M-D Fang, James T. Liu, Mar. Pollut. Bull. In Press
FATES-COMARC 19 HCA cluster Canyon and Southern shelf Ⅰ Northern shelf Wet season Canyon and Southern shelf Ⅱ Dry season Straw burning
FATES-COMARC 20 HCA Compositional pattern Methyl-PAHs S CH 3 S Pyrogenic
FATES-COMARC 21 PCA Loading S CH 3 S Mixed Sources pyrolysis Petroleum pyrolysis
FATES-COMARC 22 River Suspended Particles Coastal Surface Sediments Between wet and dry season : Mixed Sources
FATES-COMARC 23 Petrogenic pyrogenic Pyrogenic Biomass/petroleum combustion Unburned Petroleum Diesel oil
FATES-COMARC 24 Estimate PAHs Flux Total Flux: 4.3 ton/year Wet season : 99.0% Krosa typhoon: Particulate phase : 12.8% Dissolved phase : 6.7% Typhoon: Aug : Pabuk, Wutip, Sepat Sep : Wipha Oct : Krosa Nov : Mitag Krosa typhoon sampling
FATES-COMARC 25
FATES-COMARC 26 Wet seasonDry season Sourcespetrogenicpyrogenic PAH concentration ng/L ng/L Dissolved phase ng/L ng/L Particulate phase ng/L ng/L ng/g ng/g Summary
FATES-COMARC 27 Sediment discharge18.7 MT/year organic carbon discharge95 kT/year PAH fluvial discharge4.3 ton/year Wet seasonDry season Dissolved phase85.4 %14.6 % Particulate phase99.7 %0.3 % Wet seasonDissolved phaseParticulate phase Typhoon48.1 %67.0 % Summary
FATES-COMARC 28 Acknowledgements National Science Council for funding support Prof. H-L Lin for the precious samples
FATES-COMARC 29 Thank you and your comments are welcomed