Coral Reef Ecosystems. Our classical view of any ecosystem Seen as systems which transform energy and process organic matter Primary producers Primary.

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Presentation transcript:

Coral Reef Ecosystems

Our classical view of any ecosystem Seen as systems which transform energy and process organic matter Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Detritus Detritivores

Seen as systems which transform energy and process organic matter Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Detritus Detritivores = pathway for material (or carbon)

Seen as systems which transform energy and process organic matter Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Detritus Detritivore s = pathway for material (or carbon) = pathway for energy Heat

Organic veneer of a reef

Net water flow C, N, P, O Lagrangian Control Volume Measuring Ecosystem Dynamics

Time 1 Time 2 Eularian control volume Measuring Ecosystem Dynamics

Useful measures of ecosystem ‘metabolism’ P g = gross primary productivity (gC/m 2 /day) P/R = community respiration ratio E = excess production (gC/m 2 /day)

OceanOuter reef slope Fore reef Reef crest Back reef Lagoo n Water column Pg.2-.8? E ? P/R ?

OceanOuter reef slope Fore reef Reef crest Back reef Lagoo n Water column Pg.2-.8? E ? P/R ? Corals Macroalgae Algal turfs Microalgae Macroalgae Seagrass

How do coral reefs differ from this model? 1. Fluxes– nutrient and otherwise 2. Scales 4. The “unknowns” 3. Fate of the carbon

Cycles – nutrient and otherwise The level of any nutrient depends partly on the flux between pools -depends on the type of reef Barrier reef Water movement Level of recycling

Cycles – nutrient and otherwise The level of any nutrient depends partly on the flux between pools -depends on the type of reef Barrier reefFringing reef Water movement Level of recycling

Cycles – nutrient and otherwise The level of any nutrient depends partly on the flux between pools -depends on the type of reef Barrier reefFringing reefAtoll Water movement Level of recycling

Cycles – nutrient and otherwise Barrier reefFringing reefAtoll Degree of system closure + (factors increasing) - (factors decreasing) Water residence time,Nutrient recycling,Internal fluxes,Infilling Exports,External connectedness,Boundary fluxes,N limitation

Scales -nutrient level -inputs from ocean -species composition -heterotroph/autotroph composition

Scales -nutrient level -inputs from ocean -species composition -heterotroph/autotroph composition

Fate of the carbon Primary producers Primary consumers Secondary consumers Detritus Detritivores CaCO 3

The Unknowns

Microbial community Detritus Dissolved organics

Water (& nutrient flux) within a reef The Unknowns

Water (& nutrient flux) within a reef The Unknowns ?