Urban Development and Infrastructure Policy in Shanghai Ms. Li Xiaonian Faculty of Law, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Presented at UBC Institute of Asian Research Oct Please do not cite without permission from the author

Preliminary Questions What is the relationship between the development of transport networks and economic development in a mega-city? What financial resources are available to fund infrastructure projects in Shanghai? How does one define a high-volume container port? What transportation infrastructure solutions are currently being explored?

Shanghai Transport Network

Outline Infrastructure development in Shanghai Transport networks in Shanghai: Chongming Bridge and Tunnel Project; Hangzhou Bay Bridge; No.2 East Sea ( with railway track), Capacity: 1.5 million cars, 6 million bicycles, 0.5 million cars Port Construction Gov. transportation policy in Shanghai Problems and solutions in urban development in Shanghai Policy on foreign investment BOT projects and risk prevention

UrbanTransport Network Current urban rail network: 9 light-track lines and 4 metro lines 2010 goal: 11 light track lines,10 metro lines, 10 undersea tunnels, 5 river bridges Yangpu Bridge: 7658 m long, 602 m span, world’s longest cable-stay bridge 940 bus routes covering 21794km 8110km of metropolitan roads 560 km super highway

Shanghai Metro Line and Railway Network

Express Highway Network in Shanghai

Location of Chongming Tunnel and Bridge Project

Port Construction in Shanghai Divided into 9 zones/ 4 groups Future Master Plan of Sea Port Goals: World No.1 cargo handling capacity No.3 container transportation (throughput) Surpass HK, Singapore Implementation of “Three-Year Action Plan” Modern Transportation Service Industry Airport Development

Regional Economic Development Models: Zhejiang and Shanghai Zhejiang: local private economy as driving force in development Shanghai: reform of SOEs and foreign investment Core economic zone with two wings (Shanghai, Zhejiang and Jiangsu); will the bird fly?

Hangzhou Bay Bridge June of 2003: budget 10 billion RMB 36 km long Only 50km from East Sea Bridge, completion % private investors 12.5% return on investment within 25 years Projected 30 billion RMB revenue after 14 years Design: S-type platform in the sea, two-way six lanes 100 year life span Overcomes current infrastructure limits on economic growth Shanghai-Ningbo-Hangzhou, potential to relieve transport congestion on East Sea Bridge

Hangzhou Bay Bridge

Problems and Solutions Traffic jams → Restrictions on private automobiles Lack of systematic management → stable fund- raising and skillful HR Disputed land use goals Environment protection concerns Growing disparity with other urban centres Solutions: import advanced management techniques, finance capital and HR

Shanghai BOT Projects - Relevant Issues - Advantages Risks Legal issues Contract type: Government contract, Administrative contract, Partners: State or private enterprises and funding mechanisms Contracts: franchises, loans, construction contracts etc. Legal relationships: financer, operator, builder, insurer, Unexpected changes to policy or legal framework