Motion Description Concepts and Terminology – pp Objectives: –Define and provide examples of linear, angular, & general forms of motion –Identify & describe reference positions, planes, and axes associated with the human body –Define & appropriately use directional terms & joint movement terminology

Forms of motion (p 28-30) –Linear - moves from one place to another, or translates Rectilinear (straight-line) - ex. path of a dropped ball Curvilinear (path is curved) - ex.: path of thrown ball –Rotary, or angular - movement is around a restricted point, or axis, within the system. Ex: all body segmental movements. –General, or combination - movement is both linear and rotary. Ex: movement of baseball bat during the swing.

Overview of Movement Description Movement of a system within a frame of reference Before determining the nature of a movement, the mechanical system of interest must be defined. System may be a part of the body, the entire body, or the body plus an implement, etc.

Standard Reference Terminology Directional Terms Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial Deep

Joint Movement Terminology In anatomical position, all body segments are considered to be positioned at zero degrees. –Sagittal Plane Movements –Frontal Plane Movements –Transverse Plane Movements Other Movements

Movement Planes and Axes Planes(See Figure 2.3, p 33) –Transverse (across), frontal (front and back sections), and sagital (left and right sections) Axes –mediolateral (side to side), anterio-posterior (front to back), longitudinal, and diagonal (or oblique) Movements –Flexion-extension (mediolateral axis, sagital plane) »example: squats at the knee and hip –Abduction-adduction (anterio-post axis, frontal plane) »example: raising arm to side of shoulder –Rotation (longitudinal axis, transverse plane) »example: turning head to side

Movements in Sagital Plane

Movements In Frontal Plane

Movements in Transverse plane

Flexion-extension

Abduction- adduction

Rotation:

Standard Reference Terminology Anatomical Reference Position Erect standing position –all body parts, including the palms of the hands, facing forward; considered the starting position for body segment movements

Spatial Reference Systems Used to standardize the measurements taken Cartesian Coordinate system Movements primarily in a single direction, or planar, can be analyzed using a two- dimensional Cartesian –X (horizontal) direction –Y (vertical) direction 3-dimensional by adding a z-axis