The Red Eye Presented by: Dr. Farouk El Baz. ان العين عادة يجب ان تكون بيضاء صافية لا يشوبها أي احمرار. و في الواقع فإن الجزء الابيض الذي نراه من العين.

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Presentation transcript:

The Red Eye Presented by: Dr. Farouk El Baz

ان العين عادة يجب ان تكون بيضاء صافية لا يشوبها أي احمرار. و في الواقع فإن الجزء الابيض الذي نراه من العين ما هو الا جزء من الملتحمة التي تغطي طبقة الصلبة البيضاء و التي تحيط بالقرنية من جميع النواحي. و الملتحمة او ( conjunctiva ) هي عبارة عن غشاء رقيق شفاف مكون من جزئين, الجزء الاول هو : المحيط بالقرنية و الواقع فوق صلية العين و يسمى ( Bulbar conj. ). و الجزء الثاني هو : الذي يغطي الجفون العلوية و السلفية من الداخل و المسمى ( Palpebral conj.) و الملتحمة تتغذى بشرايين يأتي جزء منها من ال (anterior ciliary arteries) و يأتي الجزء الثاني منها من ال (Palpebral conj.) و هذه الشرايين جميعها اتية من الشريان المسمى (Ophthalmic artery)

The hyperaemia and congestion of these arteries are the main signs of the red eye. و بما ان العين متصله اتصالا مباشرا بالعالم الخارجي فانها غالباً ما تتأثر بالعوامل الجوية المحيطة بها مثل الغبار و الاتربة و اشعة الشمس و التعرض لدخول اجسام غريبة او دخول مواد كيميائية تحدث تهيج في شرايين الملتحمة و الصلبة و كذلك فإن العين تتأثر بعوامل داخلية تسبب ايضا احمراراً في العين مثل حساسية لبعض الميكروبات أو التأثر ببعض الالتهابات التي تصيب الاعضاء القريبة من العين. لذا نرى ان اسباب احمرار العين هي كثيرة جدا و لكننا سنذكر الاسباب الاكثر شيوعا و الاكثر اهمية. و من هذه الاسباب :

1- التهاب الملتحمة الحاد ( Acute conjunctivitis): It is an inflamation of the conjunctiva characterized by redness of the eye and conj. Discharge usually it is of infective nature. Eg, acute mucopurulent conjunctivitis, acute purulent conjunctivitis (Ophthalmia Neonatorum)

2- Acute conjestive closed angle glaucoma: characterized by an acute elevation of I.O.P. due to obstruction of the angle of the anterior chamber which cause sudden diminishion of vision, severe pain in the eye and violent headache with marked conjunctival and ciliary congestion (severe redness of the eye.

3- Corneal ulcer: in this case infection maybe introduced to the cornea by injury and maybe caused by many organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungus … etc. usually there are pain redness of the eye (ciliary congestion) with blepharospasm.

4- Acute iridocyclitis: One of the most common causes of redness of the eye. The limbus (ciliary congestion), accompanied by tenderness of the eye ball, diminishion of vision, posterior cynechiae and watery discharge.

5- Trauma: All traumas upon the eye usually give as first sign the redness of the eye. Traumas maybe: 1- Corneal and conjunctival foreign body.

2- Blunt trauma. 3- Chemical burn (acid and alkali).

4- Subconjunctival haemorrage. 5- Perforating enjury.

6- Scleritis and EpiScleritis: Which cause marked pain and localized redness of the sclera or the episclera. This disease is usually due to allergic cause or associated with collagen diseases.

و في النهاية هناك مقارنة بين اهم ثلاثة امراض تسبب احمرار العين و هي : Acute congestive glaucoma Acute iridocylitis Acute conjunctivitis Severe neuralgic pain associated with nausea and vomiting Eye tenderness Foreign body sensation. No pain 1) Pain Gross diminision sometimes reduced to just P.L. Moderate diminision Not affected, may be slightly blurred 2)Vision

Acute congestive glaucoma Acute iridocylitis Acute conjunctivitis Watery,serousWatery,serousMucopurulent3)Discharge Ciliary and Conjunctival Congestion Conjunctival Congestion 4) Congestion Cloudy or steamy. insensitive Mild oedema. Normal sensation,K.ps on back of cornea Clear. Normal sensation 5) Cornea

Acute congestive glaucoma Acute iridocylitis Acute conjunctivitis ShallowDeepNormal 6) A.C. Large, vertically oval, fixed Small, irregular, sluggish reaction Normal size, normal reaction 7) Pupil Markedly raised, eye stony hard Normal, low, or raised Normal 8) Intraocular pressure AbsentPresentAbsent 9) Ciliary tenderness

و في النهاية فإن هناك اسباب عديدة اخرى تؤدي الى حدوث احمرار في العين و لكننا ذكرنا في هذه المحاضرة اهم الاسباب و اكثرها شيوعاً. مع تمنياتي لكم بالتوفيق.