Cultural Encounters in the High Middle Ages Scholars, Crusaders, and Travelers John Cotts Associate Professor of History Whitman College

Monsters from the Hereford Mappa Mundi (c. 1290)

First Crusade,

Crusader States

Merovingian “world” map, c. 700

Ninth-century T-O map

Ninth-century T-O map, from Strasbourg

T-O map based on Sallust, c. 1150

Ninth-century “Macrobian” map

Ravenna map, c. 700

Erbstorf map, 1234

Erbstorf map, detail

Erbstorf detail

Hereford Mappa mundi, 13 th c.

Hereford detail

Blemmyae, c. 1100