1.Packrat Midden Analysis, since late Pleist. –Sonoran Desert History (veg & climate) 2.Alluvial Stratigraphy, since early Holocene –Dry-wet and/or warm-cool.

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1.Packrat Midden Analysis, since late Pleist. –Sonoran Desert History (veg & climate) 2.Alluvial Stratigraphy, since early Holocene –Dry-wet and/or warm-cool periods 3.Dendrochronology, since ybp –Precipitation –Temperature Paleo –Vegetation and –Climate of SW

At our starting point, 20,000 years ago…

(40,000 years of vegetation data from… packrat middens) 1. Packrat middens- past 20,000 years

“Sonoran Desert” ybp, Late Pleistocene Vegetation 22,00011,0008,0004,000

“Sonoran Desert” ybp, Late Pleistocene Climate relative to today: 22,00011,0008,0004,000

“Sonoran Desert” ybp, Early Holocene Vegetation 22,00011,0008,0004,000

“Sonoran Desert” ybp, Early Holocene Climate 22,00011,0008,0004,000

Sonoran Desert ybp, Mid Holocene Vegetation 22,00011,0008,0004,000

Sonoran Desert ybp, Mid Holocene Climate 22,00011,0008,0004,000

Sonoran Desert 4000 ybp - present, Late Holocene Vegetation 22,00011,0008,0004,000 0

Sonoran Desert 4000 ybp - present, Late Holocene Climate 22,00011,0008,0004,000 0

Packrat Midden Summary for Sonoran Desert: Packrat Midden Summary for Sonoran Desert:

Graphically it looks like this…

SW Vegetation And this…

Alluvium: (n) Alluvial: (adj) Stratigraphy: (n) Alluvial stratigraphy: Recent geology (Pleistocene-Holocene). 2. Alluvial Stratigraphy of the SW: Definitions…

2. Alluvial Stratigraphy of the SW (Holocene)

Alluvial Stratigraphy sites… “Filling in” DEPOSITION “carving out” EROSION

Replication Why are sediment sites so common in SW?

It’s like a jig- saw puzzle Distinct layers –Color –Texture –Fossils Separated by time –Erosion –Soil In The Field Layers C-14 dated

Alluvial History: Climatic Interpretation Summary

3. Dendrochronology (past 300 – 400 years) Dendroclimatology Subdiscipline of dendrochronology –Reconstruct past climate –Heavily replicated Within sites Within regions

Dendrochronology recap…

We’ve Seen This Before

Summary Paleoenvironments of SW

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