THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE

LUTHERANISM  Lutheran princes formed Schmalkaldic League  War with Charles V, 1546  Peace of Augsburg, 1555: affirmed individual rulers’ right to chose religion  Revolt against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V (r ) THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE

CALVINISM  Agreed with Luther on justification by faith  Disagreed on transubstantiation  Stressed predestination  only “elect” were saved John Calvin ( )

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE CALVINISM  State should be subject to religious law  Set up model community in Geneva  established strict theocracy Calvin and the Geneva Elders

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE CALVINISM  Did not accept any ideas more radical than own  Ideas spread through Europe  Followers included Puritans (England), Presbyterians (Scotland), Huguenots (France) Miguel Servetus

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Political aspirations of Henry VIII  defender of Catholicism  but needed male heir  Pope refuses divorce Henry VIII (r ) Catherine of Aragon Anne Boleyn

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Political aspirations of Henry VIII  passed Act of Supremacy (1534)  executed Sir Thomas More Sir Thomas More ( )  founded Anglican Church

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Two movements laid foundations: Wycliffe rebellion of 14 th c. Spread of Northern Humanism Wycliffe distributes English Bible

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Henry did little to change doctrine  Protestantism rose under son Edward VI Edward VI (r )

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Mary Tudor reinstated Catholicism  persecuted thousands Mary Tudor (r )

THE POLITICS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE REFORMATION IN ENGLAND  Religious Reformation  Elizabeth I restored Church of England (Anglican Church) Protestant in practice Elizabeth I (r ) doctrine ambiguous imposed on all subjects