Light, Toothless beak Large “keeled” sternum Gizzard instead of teeth Tail bones lost/fused Into pygostyle Center of gravity
Powering flight
Static soaring
Light or dark meat? It’s all about flight physiology!
Powering flight muscles
So unidirectional flow What’s the advantage??
Cerebellum Bird Brain Coordinating flight
Primary cavity nesters Secondary cavity nesters
Altricial Precocial Sex determined by sex chromosomes, not temperature
Attracting a mate
Song from Syrinx “double flute”
Migration Shearwater 40,000 miles/year
If they were burning gasoline instead of fat, they'd be getting about 720,000 miles to the gallon Blackpoll Warbler 15 g for one stamp hours nonstop Migrate Canada to South America Neotropical migrant Red + yellow =12000 miles