Causation The Indeterminism Problem. Review The Counterfactual Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff, if c had not occurred,

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Presentation transcript:

Causation The Indeterminism Problem

Review The Counterfactual Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff, if c had not occurred, then e would not have occurred. Objection #1: Causes vs. Conditions Objection #2: Overdetermination Objection #3: Preemption Objection #4: Chancy Causation Objection #5: Overlapping Objection #6: Trumping?

The Problem of Indeterminism Determinism: Every event is determined by the past, together with the laws of nature. Indeterminism: Some events are not determined by the past, together with the laws of nature.

The Problem of Indeterminism The Counterfactual Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff, if c had not occurred, then e would not have occurred. Objection #4: Chancy Causation

The Problem of Indeterminism The Probabilistic Counterfactual Theory: Necessarily, for any events c and e, c is a cause of e iff the probability of e’s occurring would have been lower had c not occurred. Objection #5: Overlapping Objection #6: Trumping