Application of Conditioning to the Study of Drug Addiction

Self-Administration of drugs of abuse uses Instrumental conditioning procedures R S R e.g. Lever press response drug delivery Conditioned Place Preference with drugs of abuse uses Pavlovian conditioning procedures CS * UCS R CS R e.g. Light Stimulus*Drug approach response Light Stimulus approach response

Pre-conditioning Preference Tests Days 1 and 2 Conditioning Sessions Days 3-10 Post-conditioning Preference Tests Days 11 and 14 Conditioned Place Preference Drug-injected Not Drug-injected stay don’t stay

Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration

d-Amphetamine Cocaine Chlordiazepoxide Codeine Diazepam Ethanol Fentanyl Heroin Ketamine Methadone Methamphetamine Methylphenidate Morphine Nicotine Pentobarbital Phencyclidine (PCP)  9 THC Some drugs that are self-administered by laboratory animals StimulantsNarcoticsAnxiolyticsOther

Cocaine + Cocaine Cues No Cocaine and No Cues Cocaine Cues Alone Self-Administration Model of Relapse incorporates both Instrumental and Pavlovian Conditioning

Cue-Induced Relapse to Cocaine-Seeking Behavior

Nature Video Cocaine Video Front of Brain Back of Brain Amygdala not lit up Amygdala activated Childress et al 1999 Cocaine Cue-Induce Craving

Grant et al 1996 Cocaine Cue-Induce Craving

In the laboratory Study the brain sites that mediate conditioned relapse-like behavior Determine the molecules that give rise to conditioned relapse-like behavior (e.g., genes; proteins) Test medications that may reduce conditioned relapse-like behavior Study the consequences of conditioned drug use (e.g., neurocognitive; brain plasticity changes)