LIGO-G020518-01-W Measuring Ripples in the Geometry of Space Fred Raab LIGO Hanford Observatory.

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LIGO-G W Measuring Ripples in the Geometry of Space Fred Raab LIGO Hanford Observatory

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime2 John Wheeler’s Picture of General Relativity Theory

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime3 General Relativity: A Picture Worth a Thousand Words

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime4 The New Wrinkle on Equivalence Not only the path of matter, but even the path of light is affected by gravity from massive objects Einstein Cross Photo credit: NASA and ESA A massive object shifts apparent position of a star

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime5 Gravitational Waves Gravitational waves are ripples in space when it is stirred up by rapid motions of large concentrations of matter or energy Rendering of space stirred by two orbiting black holes:

LIGO-G W How does LIGO detect spacetime vibrations?

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime7 Important Signature of Gravitational Waves Gravitational waves shrink space along one axis perpendicular to the wave direction as they stretch space along another axis perpendicular both to the shrink axis and to the wave direction.

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime8 Basic Signature of Gravitational Waves for All Detectors

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime9 Laser Beam Splitter End Mirror Screen Viewing Sketch of a Michelson Interferometer

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime10 Sensing the Effect of a Gravitational Wave Laser signal Gravitational wave changes arm lengths and amount of light in signal Change in arm length is meters, or about 2/10,000,000,000,000,000 inches

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime11 New Generation of “Free- Mass” Detectors Now Online suspended mirrors mark inertial frames antisymmetric port carries GW signal Symmetric port carries common-mode info Intrinsically broad band and size-limited by speed of light.

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime12 Core Optics Suspension and Control Local sensors/actuators provide damping and control forces Mirror is balanced on 1/100 th inch diameter wire to 1/100 th degree of arc Optics suspended as simple pendulums

LIGO-G W LIGO: Portal to Spacetime13 How Small is Meter? Wavelength of light, about 1 micron One meter, about 40 inches Human hair, about 100 microns LIGO sensitivity, meter Nuclear diameter, meter Atomic diameter, meter