1 With each succeeding year, more drugs are released, every one with the hope and the promise that it is an improvement over its *predecessor. Although the pharmaceutical industry must be given most of the **credit for advances in drug therapy, it is also true that many new drugs have only a marginal ***advance over the agents they are aimed to replace. The barrage of new information with which practitioners are ****deluged does little to provide a clear picture of clinical pharmacology; on the contrary, to most physicians new drugs are confusing. * önceki **güven, inanç, beğeni, tesir ***a change, discovery, or invention that brings progress technological/scientific/medical etc advance ****-He was deluged with phone calls from friends and colleagues, congratulating him.

2 With some exceptions, however, the approach to a new drug should be one of caution. Unless the new agent is established beyond doubt to be a real advance, it is wiser to use well-tested and well-established agents which are not only efficacious but whose safety has been well-established.

3 1. “One” in the first sentence refers to A. improvement B. person C. year D. drug

4 2. The writer implies that A. new drugs should replace the old ones as they are introduced B. all the old drugs are efficacious and safe C. doctors must prefer the drugs which are well-tested and well-established D. the new drugs usually have great advance over their predecessors

5 3. Pharmaceutical industry release many drugs A. which confuse the patients B. to help patients to cure or treat themselves very quickly C. that aim to replace even physicians D. all of which have just minor advantages over the old ones

6 4. What is the topic of the passage? A. Advances in pharmacology B. The new drugs C. Pharmaceutical industry D. The drugs and physician

7 pharmacy(n): plural pharmacies pharmacy(n): plural pharmacies 1. [countable]a shop or a part of a shop where medicines are prepared and sold ￚ synonym chemist-an all-night pharmacy 2. [countable] the place where medicines are prepared in a hospital 3. [uncountable] the study or practice of preparing drugs and medicine pharmacology (n): the scientific study of drugs and medicines pharmacology (n): the scientific study of drugs and medicines -pharmacologist (n) -pharmacological (adj) pharmaceuticals (n): [plural] technical pharmaceuticals (n): [plural] technical drugs and medicines

8 therapy (n): the treatment of an illness or injury over a fairly long period of time therapy (n): the treatment of an illness or injury over a fairly long period of time -new drug therapies -radiation therapy for cancer treatment 2. [uncountable]the treatment or examination of someone's mental problems by talking to them for a long time about their feelings ￚ synonym psychotherapy ￚ synonym psychotherapy in therapy -Rob was in therapy for several years. -a therapy group

9 practitioner (n): 1. someone who works as a doctor or a lawyer practitioner (n): 1. someone who works as a doctor or a lawyer medical/legal practitioner -a practitioner of alternative medicine family practitioner: general practitioner: a doctor who is trained in general medicine and treats people in a particular area or town family practitioner: general practitioner: a doctor who is trained in general medicine and treats people in a particular area or town clinical(adj): 1. relating to treating or testing people who are sick clinical(adj): 1. relating to treating or testing people who are sick -The drug has undergone extensive clinical trials (=tests to see if it is effective in treating people). clinical medicine/experience/training etc (=medicine etc that deals directly with people, rather than with research or ideas). 2. relating to a hospital or clinic -The program gives the students experience in a clinical setting.

10 caution (n): the quality of being very careful to avoid danger or risks caution (n): the quality of being very careful to avoid danger or risks -We must proceed with extreme caution. -The physician must exercise caution when prescribing anti-depressants. agent (n): 4. (technical) a chemical or substance that is used for a particular purpose or that has a particular effect agent (n): 4. (technical) a chemical or substance that is used for a particular purpose or that has a particular effect -Soap is a cleansing agent. well-established (adj): something that is well-established has existed for a long time and is respected or trusted by people well-established (adj): something that is well-established has existed for a long time and is respected or trusted by people -a well-established scientific theory

11 efficacious (adj) (formal): working in the way you intended efficacious (adj) (formal): working in the way you intended synonym: effective -an equally efficacious method of treatment -More efficacious treatments may soon be available.