LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT OF BLACK CARBON TO THE ARCTIC REGION Qinbin Li 1, Daven Henze 2, Yang Chen 1, Evan Lyons 3, Jim Randerson 3 work supported by JPL/NASA 1 JPL 2 Caltech 3 UC Irvine

Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) ARCTAS to be conducted in spring and summer 2008 (two phases) as part of the POLARCAT program during the International Polar Year (IPY) ARCTAS

EXPORT OF BC FROM ASIA: GEOS-3 vs. GEOS-4 STRONGER EXPORT OF BC IN THE FREE TROPOSPHERE WITH GEOS- Chem DRIVEN BY GEOS4 MET DATA. Vertical distributions of BC during TRACE-P Park et al. [2005] GEOS-3 GEOS-4 TRACE-P OBS. Monthly BC profiles [ °E, 30-40°N]

Long-term measurements of BC: - Alert (62.8ºW, 82.7ºN) m BC,  ap (Aethalometer, PSAP) - Barrow (156.6ºE, 71.3ºN)  ap (PSAP) - Ny Ålesund (11.9ºE, 78.9ºN) AOD (sun photometer) How well does the model simulate BC in northern high-latitudes? MEASUREMENTS OF BC IN HIGH-LATITUDES

ALERT (62.8ºW, 82.7ºN) - BC component of the spring ‘Arctic Haze’ is significantly underestimated in the model. Better agreements for the summer months. - Little difference between the two model simulations driven by GEOS-3 vs. GEOS-4. Data from World Data Center for Aerosols ( Green - CMDL obs. Blue - GC w/ GEOS-3 Red - GC w/ GEOS-4 need to filter out contamination

- Underestimate of BC in ‘Arctic Haze’. - High BC levels from biomass burning in summer seen in both model results and (limited) observations. - Model results with GEOS-4 met. data show substantially higher BC values vs. those w/ GEOS-3 met. data. BARROW (156.6ºE, 71.3ºN) Green - CMDL obs. Blue - GC w/ GEOS-3 Red - GC w/ GEOS-4 Data from CMDL (ftp.cmdl.noaa.gov/aerosol/) Mass absorption efficiency - 10 m 2 /g

(ADJOINT) SENSITIVITY OF ARCTIC TROPOSPHERIC (70-90°N, hPa) BC LOADING TO EMISSIONS April 2001 DOMINANT INFLUENCE FROM EUROPEAN AND ASIA (CHINA) FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS. BC EMISSIONS SENTIVITY

SENSITIVITY OF ARCTIC BC LOADING TO FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS April 2001 SURFACE ~ hPa ~ hPa ~ hPa

SENSITIVITY OF ARCTIC BC LOADING TO BIOMASS BURNING EMISSIONS April 2001 SURFACE ~ hPa ~ hPa ~ hPa

(ADJOINT) SENSITIVITY OF ARCTIC TROPOSPHERIC (70-90°N, hPa) BC LOADING TO EMISSIONS July 2001 DOMINANT INFLUENCE FROM BOREAL FOREST FIRE AND EUROPEAN FOSSIL FUEL EMISSIONS. SENTIVITY BC EMISSIONS

SENSITIVITY OF ARCTIC BC LOADING TO EMISSIONS July 2001 SURFACE ~ hPa SURFACE ~ hPa Fossil Fuel Biomass burning

DIURNAL CYCLE OF BIOMASS BURNING

BC AOD with monthly GFED emissions BC AOD with 8-day GFED emissions including diurnal cycle TRANSPORT OF BOREAL FOREST FIRE BC EMISSIONS: effects of including (fire) diurnal cycle Including diurnal cycle of fires results in less efficient transport of boreal forest fire emissions in Alaska while more efficient in southern Africa.

T WIND RH PRECIP ISI GOES FIRE COUNTS INITIAL SPREAD INDEX AND MODELED EMISSIONS FOR ALASKA EMISSIONS

GEOS Precipitation Alaska GPCP Precipitation Red: ISI modeled emissions, Green: GFED, Black: GOES