Nucleus. Nuclear Notation  The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. Protons: Z (atomic number) Neutrons: N Nucleons: A = Z + N (atomic mass) Full.

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Presentation transcript:

Nucleus

Nuclear Notation  The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. Protons: Z (atomic number) Neutrons: N Nucleons: A = Z + N (atomic mass) Full notation shows A, Z  Chemical symbol duplicates atomic number. Short notation – A only

Nuclear Size  All nuclei have about the same density . Independent of AIndependent of A  The nucleus is roughly a sphere. Radius r, r 0 = 1.2 fmRadius r, r 0 = 1.2 fm Volume VVolume V

Isotopes  Nuclei that have the same proton count are isotopes. Isotones for identical neutron countIsotones for identical neutron count

Nuclear States

Atomic Mass  Energy measurements for nuclear physics are built on the electron volt (eV). 1 eV = 1.6  J1 eV = 1.6  J  Mass is expressed in terms of the rest energy.  Mass is also expressed in terms of nucleons. Atomic mass unit (u)Atomic mass unit (u) Based on 12 CBased on 12 C 1 u = MeV/c 21 u = MeV/c 2  Proton, p MeV/c u  Neutron, n MeV/c u  Electron, e MeV/c  u

Mass Difference  The mass (M) in u is nearly equal to the atomic number (A).  Tables of isotope data frequently list  = M – A. Binding energyBinding energy  1 H;  = 7.29 MeV  4 He;  = 2.42 MeV  56 Fe;  = – MeV  214 Pb;  = – 0.15 MeV  218 Po;  = 8.38 MeV  222 Rn;  = MeV  226 Ra;  = MeV

Binding Energy next