EPA ‘10 & EU VI Experience & Approach Dr. Uwe Zink Director, Emerging Industry Technologies Corning Incorporated April 4, 2011

2 Agenda  Regulatory framework  Engine technology & calibration approaches  System designs  Certification examples  Enabling framework  Experience to-date  Outlook –future regulations

3 Regulatory Landscape EPA’10 required an 83% NOx reduction compared to 2007 OBD phases in Daimler Truck, MTZ Heavy Duty Conference 2009

4 Observed Engine Technology Approaches  High pressure flexible injection systems  Unit injector  Common rail  Cooled EGR  Fixed/WG or VG Turbo  Single stage  Dual stage  Turbocompounding

5 EPA’10 – EUVI General Calibration & Emission Control Approaches  EPA’10 Approach:  EPA’07 baseline with DPF  Add DeNOx (SCR) system  EUVI Approach  EUV baseline with SCR  Increased EGR  Add DPF system  US-FTP, NTE, PN  Implicit and very stringent compliance requirements DOCDOCDOCDPF(*)DPF(*)DPF(*) No/min DeNOx DeNOxDeNOx (*): Observe wall flow filter in all EPA’10 systems

EPA’10 / EUVI Systems Designs and Design Considerations

7 Example of an EPA’10 Emission control system: -MD & HD application - DOC + DPF + SCR Cummins, SAE GOT 9/2010 Example of actual design as on vehicle

8 SCR add-on to a 2007 system

9 DAG MTZ Heavy Duty Conf 11/2009 DTNA “One Box” Design & Vehicle Integration -compact design

10 System Design and components selection for reduced system back pressure Daimler Truck, MTZ Heavy Duty Conference 2009

11 Fuel consumption and AdBlue Trade-off -Optimum provides benefit compared to EPA’07 systems Daimler Truck, MTZ Heavy Duty Conference 2009

12 -Optimum provides benefit compared to EPA’07 systems -Example shown at ~ 2.5 g/HPh NOx Cummins, SAE GOT 9/2010

13 Thermal Management approach to ensure SCR efficiency over cert & operating cycle Cummins, MinNOx 6/2010, SAE GOT 9/2010

14 Examples of published EUVI Design Iveco, ATA Conference 2006 ww.scania.com/Images/P11301EN%20Euro%206%20engines%20ready%20for%20the%20market_ pdf, 2011, 13l 440 and 480 HP rating.

EPA’10 Certification Examples

16 Some examples of EPA 2010 NOx Certifications, various OEs -against Standard of 0.2 g/HPh and individual FELs NOx(g/BHPh) Displ. (l) Std: Family Emission Limit Cert against US FTP Cert against RMC/SET

Enabling Framework Urea/NH 3 Delivery

18 DEF Logistics Building in the US –SCR101: Getting Ready for EPA2010 Dealer / Distributor IBC, 55-gallon drum, 2 gallon jug Home Terminal Intermediate Bulk Container (IBCs) or gallon Jugs Truck Stop Fuel island filling

19 DEF Infrastructure -evolving across North America -currently ~ 3,000 stations Diesel Exhaust Fluid will soon be sold at over 2,500 locations all over North America.

20 AdBlue/DEF Logistics grown substantially in Europe Stations in Europe (3/29/11): 3587 w/Pumps, 7333 w/Canisters

Emerging NH 3 Systems

22 New mixer allows urea injection at T>180C -Key for thermal management and/or space mitigation Mixer has low pressure drop and high surface area. 4.8% max pressure drop in ESC (0.25 kPa) Inj>220C Inj>180C SwRI, SAE The new mixer with revised calibration shows higher efficiency than without at all points. Point E is 181C; F is 225C.

23 Update on ammonia adsorption SCR First commercial contract -production trial in Amminex, CTI SCR Conf, 7-10

DPF Aspects

25 DPF Maintenance Aspects -addressed already for the EPA’07 systems  Assume low sulfur diesel (<50 ppm) is available  Filter cleaning/service –several concepts  On-vehicle-air assisted  Off-vehicle-air/liquid  In workshop  Centrally  Lube oil: Low SAPS (<1%) oil CJ-4 recommended by OEs  Still CI-4 (<1.4% SAPS) in use  Filter cleaning intervals depend on duty cycle  Experience:  Several applications exceed min. design of 150,000 miles SAPS: Sulphated Ash Phosphorus Sulphur

26 Maintenance & Inspection Guidelines

EPA’10 Experiences Generally 5-7% fuel consumption benefits

28 Observe long DPF regeneration intervals with high NOx/Low PM -some advertise “no active regeneration”

29 Customer feedback on 2010 Systems –positive throughout the industry (Example shown from Volvo)

Outlook CO 2 Regulations emerging

31 HD CO 2 /Fuel Consumption Reduction: Different approaches JP: Fuel consumption, EU: CO 2 focus(?), EPA: GHG focus New EU Regs CO 2 (assumption) EPA CO 2 e (CO 2 ; N 2 O, CH 4 caps; BC) JP: Fuel cons. -12% vs 2002Tighter JP Regs (assumption) (*): MTZ 1-’09, DoE SuperTruck Vehicle fuel eco demo ACEA: 20% reduction goal (*) DoE: +50% freight efficiency Prototype demo CO 2 /Fuel Eco - Government / OE Initiatives DAG’s “Shaping Future Transportation” (*) “Road to Emission Free Mobility (LD & HD)”(*) Tighter EPA Regs

32 HD CO 2 /Fuel Consumption Reduction: Different approaches JP: Fuel consumption, EU: CO 2 focus(?), EPA: CO2 w/cap on GHG EU Regs CO 2 (assumption) JP: Fuel cons. -12% vs 2002JP Regs + (assumption) CO 2 /Fuel Eco - Regulatory Landscape / Assumptions On-Road EPA CO 2 e (*) EPA Regs + (assumption) EPA Baseline: 2009 Total: 11-16%30-40% Vehicle: 5 -10%15-20% Engine: 6%15-20% (*) expect cap on N 2 O, CH 4, BC

33 CO 2 & fuel consumptions measures -Aerodynamics, vehicle weight, engine, tires, drivetrain Ref.: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, April 2010;

34 Summary  EPA’10 represents tightest emission regulation for commercial vehicle engines today  Typically met by advanced engine technology and DPF plus SCR systems  While meeting the regulations, OEs offered value to end user via reduced fuel consumption compared to 2007 engines  Typically higher NOx calibration with SCR DeNOx  Other engine based approaches observed as well  Urea infrastructure in US is rapidly building  Expect similar system designs for EUVI  Expect wall flow filter to meet PN regs across the board  Outlook  OBD next in US 2013  CO 2 regulations coming in 2014 (US), assume EU will follow with CO 2  Expect next round of engine/aftertreatment system evolution

Thank you for your kind attention! Questions are welcome!